Lecture Notes No. 4
Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics
Part 2 - Toxicology
, ENZYMES
L-asparaginase
o Source: E. coli
o MOA: degrades asparagines
o Indication: (+vincristine and prednisone): Childhood ALL
Toxicology
Corpus Delicti - “a body of evidence should be present before someone is convicted of a crime”
Poison - Any agent that may cause serious injury
INTOXICATION – the state of being in the influence of a toxic substance
RISK – expected frequency of the occurrence of an undesirable effect
HAZARD – likelihood that injury will occur in a given situation or setting
Clinical toxicology - Effects of substances to patients
Experimental - Effects of chemicals in the biological system; Measures laboratory parameters
Descriptive toxicology - Toxicity testing; safety evaluation and regulatory requirements; SET LIMITS
Mechanistic toxicology - Mechanism of action or MOA of poisons
Forensic toxicology - Medico-legal cases of poisoning and intoxication
Types of poisoning
Acute - Prompt and there is marked disturbances of function( or death) within a short period of time
Chronic - Gradual and there is a progressive deterioration of the functioning tissue
Cumulative - Intensity of signs and symptoms is increased when the threshold is reached
Poisoning effects
Local effects Effects on the site of contact Corrosives
Remote effects Effects are seen on areas other than the site of contact Arsenic- Mee’s lines
Combined effects Effects are both manifested in the site of contact and other sites Cantharidin
Management of poisoning
Initial assessment
Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics
Part 2 - Toxicology
, ENZYMES
L-asparaginase
o Source: E. coli
o MOA: degrades asparagines
o Indication: (+vincristine and prednisone): Childhood ALL
Toxicology
Corpus Delicti - “a body of evidence should be present before someone is convicted of a crime”
Poison - Any agent that may cause serious injury
INTOXICATION – the state of being in the influence of a toxic substance
RISK – expected frequency of the occurrence of an undesirable effect
HAZARD – likelihood that injury will occur in a given situation or setting
Clinical toxicology - Effects of substances to patients
Experimental - Effects of chemicals in the biological system; Measures laboratory parameters
Descriptive toxicology - Toxicity testing; safety evaluation and regulatory requirements; SET LIMITS
Mechanistic toxicology - Mechanism of action or MOA of poisons
Forensic toxicology - Medico-legal cases of poisoning and intoxication
Types of poisoning
Acute - Prompt and there is marked disturbances of function( or death) within a short period of time
Chronic - Gradual and there is a progressive deterioration of the functioning tissue
Cumulative - Intensity of signs and symptoms is increased when the threshold is reached
Poisoning effects
Local effects Effects on the site of contact Corrosives
Remote effects Effects are seen on areas other than the site of contact Arsenic- Mee’s lines
Combined effects Effects are both manifested in the site of contact and other sites Cantharidin
Management of poisoning
Initial assessment
