51. What is the most notable contribution of Clarence Hinckes?
a. He argued that mental illness is treatable with a combination of drugs and individualized
attention.
b. He argued that mental illness was incurable but more humane institutions were needed to
care for the mentally ill.
c. He argued that mental illness was caused by brain pathology and, therefore, was incurable
and that therapy should consist of learning to cope with symptoms.
d. He argued that mental illness was treatable, which was contrary to the prevailing view at
the time.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 17 BLM: Higher Order
52. Anton Mesmer, an early 18th-century physician, purported to cure patients by unblocking the flow of a
bodily fluid he called “animal magnetism.” Benjamin Franklin’s double-blind experiment indicated
that any effectiveness of Mesmer’s methods was actually due to which of the following?
a. undetectable magnetic fields
b. chemically induced humoral balance
c. the power of suggestion
d. mental telepathy
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 17 BLM: Higher Order
53. What did Jean Charcot find when he used a variation of Mesmer’s?
a. These methods were effective in treating a number of psychological disorders.
b. These methods were no more effective than previous methods he had used.
c. Patients were better able to understand the link between their emotional problems and their
psychological disorder.
d. The symptoms of some patients actually worsened.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 17–18 BLM: Remember
54. Realizing patients are often unaware of material previously recalled under hypnosis, Charcot, Breuer,
and Freud hypothesized the existence of a concept considered one of the most important developments
in the history of psychopathology. What was that concept?
a. psychosis
b. the unconscious mind
c. catharsis
d. repression
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 18 BLM: Higher Order
, 55. What did Freud and Breuer discover about the process known as “catharsis”?
a. They discovered that it reduces psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions.
b. They discovered that it occurs beyond the conscious awareness of the patient.
c. They discovered that it leads to a fuller understanding of the relationship between current
emotions and earlier events.
d. They discovered that the power of suggestion subconsciously changed behaviour.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 18 BLM: Remember
56. In 1895, how did neurologist Josef Breuer treat Anna O.’s hysterical symptoms?
a. using mesmerism
b. using hydrotherapy
c. using the placebo effect
d. using hypnosis
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 18–19 BLM: Remember
57. Which of the following is NOT included as part of Freud’s structure of the mind?
a. psyche
b. superego
c. ego
d. id
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 19 BLM: Remember
58. In Freudian theory, the terms “libido” and “thanatos” represent two basic but opposing drives. What
are they?
a. life and death
b. pleasure and pain
c. sex and celibacy
d. good and evil
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 19 BLM: Remember
59. You have just read a newspaper article about a savage rape and murder. You wonder how anyone could
commit such a horrible crime. Then you recall from your study of Freudian theory that anyone could
be a killer or rapist if certain impulses are not well controlled. Which of the following best describes
these impulses?
a. intrapsychic forces
b. a libidinous desire
c. the drive of the id
d. primitive forces
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 19 BLM: Higher Order
60. The ego operates according to one principle, and the id operates according to another principle. What
are they, respectively?
a. reality; pleasure
b. conscious; unconscious
c. pleasure; aggression
d. reality; aggression
a. He argued that mental illness is treatable with a combination of drugs and individualized
attention.
b. He argued that mental illness was incurable but more humane institutions were needed to
care for the mentally ill.
c. He argued that mental illness was caused by brain pathology and, therefore, was incurable
and that therapy should consist of learning to cope with symptoms.
d. He argued that mental illness was treatable, which was contrary to the prevailing view at
the time.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 17 BLM: Higher Order
52. Anton Mesmer, an early 18th-century physician, purported to cure patients by unblocking the flow of a
bodily fluid he called “animal magnetism.” Benjamin Franklin’s double-blind experiment indicated
that any effectiveness of Mesmer’s methods was actually due to which of the following?
a. undetectable magnetic fields
b. chemically induced humoral balance
c. the power of suggestion
d. mental telepathy
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 17 BLM: Higher Order
53. What did Jean Charcot find when he used a variation of Mesmer’s?
a. These methods were effective in treating a number of psychological disorders.
b. These methods were no more effective than previous methods he had used.
c. Patients were better able to understand the link between their emotional problems and their
psychological disorder.
d. The symptoms of some patients actually worsened.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 17–18 BLM: Remember
54. Realizing patients are often unaware of material previously recalled under hypnosis, Charcot, Breuer,
and Freud hypothesized the existence of a concept considered one of the most important developments
in the history of psychopathology. What was that concept?
a. psychosis
b. the unconscious mind
c. catharsis
d. repression
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 18 BLM: Higher Order
, 55. What did Freud and Breuer discover about the process known as “catharsis”?
a. They discovered that it reduces psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions.
b. They discovered that it occurs beyond the conscious awareness of the patient.
c. They discovered that it leads to a fuller understanding of the relationship between current
emotions and earlier events.
d. They discovered that the power of suggestion subconsciously changed behaviour.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 18 BLM: Remember
56. In 1895, how did neurologist Josef Breuer treat Anna O.’s hysterical symptoms?
a. using mesmerism
b. using hydrotherapy
c. using the placebo effect
d. using hypnosis
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 18–19 BLM: Remember
57. Which of the following is NOT included as part of Freud’s structure of the mind?
a. psyche
b. superego
c. ego
d. id
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 19 BLM: Remember
58. In Freudian theory, the terms “libido” and “thanatos” represent two basic but opposing drives. What
are they?
a. life and death
b. pleasure and pain
c. sex and celibacy
d. good and evil
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 19 BLM: Remember
59. You have just read a newspaper article about a savage rape and murder. You wonder how anyone could
commit such a horrible crime. Then you recall from your study of Freudian theory that anyone could
be a killer or rapist if certain impulses are not well controlled. Which of the following best describes
these impulses?
a. intrapsychic forces
b. a libidinous desire
c. the drive of the id
d. primitive forces
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 19 BLM: Higher Order
60. The ego operates according to one principle, and the id operates according to another principle. What
are they, respectively?
a. reality; pleasure
b. conscious; unconscious
c. pleasure; aggression
d. reality; aggression
