Carbohydrates: (saccharides or sugar): compounds with the formula (CH2O)n or derivatives of such compounds
a. Monosaccharides: the simplest carbohydrates, small monomeric molecules
b. Oligosaccharide: only a few monomer units are involved
c. Polysaccharide: long polymers of monosaccharides
Monosaccharide: (CH2O)n, can be categorised according to:
1. The location of the carbonyl group (as aldose or ketose)
2. The number of carbons in the carbon skeleton >
Aldose - Ketose (tautomers) interconversion:
Enantiomers of glyceraldehyde: >
- Enantiomers: mirror image isomers
- Chiral (asymmetric) carbon: has 4 different groups attached to it
, Linear and ring forms of glucose: Phosphate esters of monosaccharides:
- Some phosphates are major participants in many
metabolic pathways
Alpha and beta glucose ring structures:
Disaccharide: Glycosidic bond: dehydration reaction in the synthesis of maltose:
Disaccharide: sucrose: dehydration reaction in the synthesis of sucrose
Polysaccharides:
a. Monosaccharides: the simplest carbohydrates, small monomeric molecules
b. Oligosaccharide: only a few monomer units are involved
c. Polysaccharide: long polymers of monosaccharides
Monosaccharide: (CH2O)n, can be categorised according to:
1. The location of the carbonyl group (as aldose or ketose)
2. The number of carbons in the carbon skeleton >
Aldose - Ketose (tautomers) interconversion:
Enantiomers of glyceraldehyde: >
- Enantiomers: mirror image isomers
- Chiral (asymmetric) carbon: has 4 different groups attached to it
, Linear and ring forms of glucose: Phosphate esters of monosaccharides:
- Some phosphates are major participants in many
metabolic pathways
Alpha and beta glucose ring structures:
Disaccharide: Glycosidic bond: dehydration reaction in the synthesis of maltose:
Disaccharide: sucrose: dehydration reaction in the synthesis of sucrose
Polysaccharides:
