NR602 / NR 602 Primary Care of the
Childbearing and Childrearing Family
Practicum Final Exam Study Guide Highly
Rated | LATEST | Chamberlain College
SECTION 1: PEDIATRIC GASTROINTESTINAL
DISORDERS (Questions 1-20)
Question 1
A 6-week-old male infant presents with projectile vomiting after
every feeding for the past week. The infant appears hungry
immediately after vomiting. The vomitus is non-bilious. What is
the most likely diagnosis?
A) Gastroenteritis
B) Pyloric stenosis
C) GERD
D) Malrotation with volvulus
Answer: B
Rationale: Projectile vomiting in a 2- to 8-week-old infant who is
hungry after vomiting is classic for pyloric stenosis. The vomitus
is typically non-bilious. Pyloric stenosis is caused by hypertrophy
of the pyloric sphincter, leading to gastric outlet obstruction.
,Palpation of an "olive" mass in the right upper quadrant is
diagnostic. Treatment is surgical (pyloromyotomy).
Question 2
A 4-month-old infant presents with crying episodes lasting 4
hours per day, occurring 4 days per week for the past 3 weeks.
The infant is otherwise healthy, growing well, and has no fever
or vomiting. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Gastroenteritis
B) Colic
C) Intussusception
D) GERD
Answer: B
Rationale: Colic is defined by the "Rule of 3s": crying for more
than 3 hours per day, more than 3 days per week, for more than
3 weeks in an otherwise healthy infant. The infant typically has
no organic cause identified and continues to grow and feed well.
Management includes parental reassurance, swaddling, white
noise, and possibly probiotics or simethicone.
Question 3
The parent of an infant experiencing colic asks about using a
probiotic medication. What will the primary care pediatric NP
tell the parent?
,A) Probiotic medications have demonstrated efficacy in treating
colic
B) Probiotics are not safe to use to treat infants who have colic
C) There are no studies showing the usefulness of probiotics to
manage colic
D) Probiotics have been shown to be effective, but only in
breastfed infants
Answer: C
Rationale: The evidence for probiotics in treating colic is limited
and conflicting. Current guidelines suggest there are no definitive
studies showing clear usefulness of probiotics to manage colic,
and more research is needed. Parental education and
reassurance remain the cornerstone of management.
Question 4
A 3-year-old child presents with acute diarrhea lasting 3 days.
The child is irritable but drinking small amounts. Mucous
membranes are slightly dry. What is the most appropriate initial
treatment?
A) IV fluids
B) Oral rehydration solution (ORS)
C) Antibiotics
D) Anti-diarrheal medication
Answer: B
Rationale: For mild to moderate dehydration, oral rehydration
, solution (ORS) is the first-line treatment. The child is able to
drink, so ORS is appropriate. Severe dehydration (signs: sunken
eyes, decreased skin turgor, lethargy) would require IV fluids.
Antibiotics are only indicated for specific bacterial infections.
Anti-diarrheals are not recommended in children due to risk of
complications.
Question 5
What is the most common cause of acute diarrhea in infants
and children?
A) Rotavirus
B) Salmonella
C) E. coli
D) Campylobacter
Answer: A
Rationale: Rotavirus is the most common cause of acute
gastroenteritis in infants and young children, particularly in those
in child care settings. Rotavirus vaccine has significantly reduced
incidence, but outbreaks still occur. Other causes include
norovirus, adenovirus, and bacterial pathogens such as
Salmonella, E. coli, and Campylobacter.
Question 6
A 2-year-old child presents with acute onset of vomiting,
Childbearing and Childrearing Family
Practicum Final Exam Study Guide Highly
Rated | LATEST | Chamberlain College
SECTION 1: PEDIATRIC GASTROINTESTINAL
DISORDERS (Questions 1-20)
Question 1
A 6-week-old male infant presents with projectile vomiting after
every feeding for the past week. The infant appears hungry
immediately after vomiting. The vomitus is non-bilious. What is
the most likely diagnosis?
A) Gastroenteritis
B) Pyloric stenosis
C) GERD
D) Malrotation with volvulus
Answer: B
Rationale: Projectile vomiting in a 2- to 8-week-old infant who is
hungry after vomiting is classic for pyloric stenosis. The vomitus
is typically non-bilious. Pyloric stenosis is caused by hypertrophy
of the pyloric sphincter, leading to gastric outlet obstruction.
,Palpation of an "olive" mass in the right upper quadrant is
diagnostic. Treatment is surgical (pyloromyotomy).
Question 2
A 4-month-old infant presents with crying episodes lasting 4
hours per day, occurring 4 days per week for the past 3 weeks.
The infant is otherwise healthy, growing well, and has no fever
or vomiting. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Gastroenteritis
B) Colic
C) Intussusception
D) GERD
Answer: B
Rationale: Colic is defined by the "Rule of 3s": crying for more
than 3 hours per day, more than 3 days per week, for more than
3 weeks in an otherwise healthy infant. The infant typically has
no organic cause identified and continues to grow and feed well.
Management includes parental reassurance, swaddling, white
noise, and possibly probiotics or simethicone.
Question 3
The parent of an infant experiencing colic asks about using a
probiotic medication. What will the primary care pediatric NP
tell the parent?
,A) Probiotic medications have demonstrated efficacy in treating
colic
B) Probiotics are not safe to use to treat infants who have colic
C) There are no studies showing the usefulness of probiotics to
manage colic
D) Probiotics have been shown to be effective, but only in
breastfed infants
Answer: C
Rationale: The evidence for probiotics in treating colic is limited
and conflicting. Current guidelines suggest there are no definitive
studies showing clear usefulness of probiotics to manage colic,
and more research is needed. Parental education and
reassurance remain the cornerstone of management.
Question 4
A 3-year-old child presents with acute diarrhea lasting 3 days.
The child is irritable but drinking small amounts. Mucous
membranes are slightly dry. What is the most appropriate initial
treatment?
A) IV fluids
B) Oral rehydration solution (ORS)
C) Antibiotics
D) Anti-diarrheal medication
Answer: B
Rationale: For mild to moderate dehydration, oral rehydration
, solution (ORS) is the first-line treatment. The child is able to
drink, so ORS is appropriate. Severe dehydration (signs: sunken
eyes, decreased skin turgor, lethargy) would require IV fluids.
Antibiotics are only indicated for specific bacterial infections.
Anti-diarrheals are not recommended in children due to risk of
complications.
Question 5
What is the most common cause of acute diarrhea in infants
and children?
A) Rotavirus
B) Salmonella
C) E. coli
D) Campylobacter
Answer: A
Rationale: Rotavirus is the most common cause of acute
gastroenteritis in infants and young children, particularly in those
in child care settings. Rotavirus vaccine has significantly reduced
incidence, but outbreaks still occur. Other causes include
norovirus, adenovirus, and bacterial pathogens such as
Salmonella, E. coli, and Campylobacter.
Question 6
A 2-year-old child presents with acute onset of vomiting,
