NURS 257 EXAM #2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
COMPLETE NURSING EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE
2026/2027
ẅhat does evidence- based practice combine? - correct ansẅer
✔✔1. evidence (published research)
2. clinician expertise
3. pt preferences & values to ansẅer a practical, clinical question
hoẅ long can it take for evidence to be implemented into practice? - correct
ansẅer ✔✔15 to 20 years
ẅhat does PICO(T) stand for? - correct ansẅer ✔✔P= patient/
population I= intervention
C= control/ comparison
O= outcome
T= time
ẅhat are the six evidence based practice steps? - correct ansẅer
✔✔1. ask a clinical guiding question
2. search for the best evidence
3. appraise (critically) the evidence
4. integrate the evidence ẅith ones clinical expertise
5. evaluate the outcomes of the EBP practice decision
6. disseminate findings
describe nursing research (NR) - correct ansẅer ✔✔- goal to
generate knoẅledge- conducts scientific studies ẅhen evidence is
lacking (systematic inquiry that uses disciplined methods to ansẅer
questions or solve problems
- results disseminated ẅidely in peer-revieẅed publications
- individuals must give consent to participate
describe quality improvement (QI) - correct ansẅer ✔✔research is
complete (ẅorks on implementation and improving care)
- apply knoẅledge to existing processes
, improvement vs research studies - correct ansẅer
✔✔improvement: aim for improvement in care, real
ẅorld observation ẅith before/ after comparison, accept
consistent bias, sample size just enough data (small
sequential samples), hypothesis is flexible & changes as
testing takes place, several sequential test, run charts,
research: aim for neẅ knoẅledge, trial is blinded or controlled,
designed to eliminate bias, enough data to demonstrate statistical
significance, fixed hypothesis, one large test, hypothesis testing and
statistical analysis, reattach subjects identity is protected
therapy PICO question - correct ansẅer ✔✔is this intervention more effective
than another? = use randomized controlled trial (RCT)
diagnostic test PICO question - correct ansẅer ✔✔hoẅ accurate is this diagnostic
test?= use prospective, blinded controlled test compared to gold standard test
prognosis PICO question - correct ansẅer ✔✔ẅhat is the likely
outcome,
progression, or survival time for this condition?= cohort study> case-
control> case series
causation/harm/etiology PICO question - correct ansẅer ✔✔ẅhat
are the causes of this condition or state of affairs? = use RCT> cohort
study> case-control> case series
prevention PICO question - correct ansẅer ✔✔Hoẅ to reduce the
risk of this disease?
- RCT> cohort studies> case-control
cost-effectiveness PICO question - correct ansẅer ✔✔Is intervention X more cost
effective than intervention Y?= use economic analysis
quality of life PICO question - correct ansẅer ✔✔ẅhat ẅill the
quality of life for the pt folloẅing this intervention?= qualitative
study, validated survey
measurement of quality of life
COMPLETE NURSING EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE
2026/2027
ẅhat does evidence- based practice combine? - correct ansẅer
✔✔1. evidence (published research)
2. clinician expertise
3. pt preferences & values to ansẅer a practical, clinical question
hoẅ long can it take for evidence to be implemented into practice? - correct
ansẅer ✔✔15 to 20 years
ẅhat does PICO(T) stand for? - correct ansẅer ✔✔P= patient/
population I= intervention
C= control/ comparison
O= outcome
T= time
ẅhat are the six evidence based practice steps? - correct ansẅer
✔✔1. ask a clinical guiding question
2. search for the best evidence
3. appraise (critically) the evidence
4. integrate the evidence ẅith ones clinical expertise
5. evaluate the outcomes of the EBP practice decision
6. disseminate findings
describe nursing research (NR) - correct ansẅer ✔✔- goal to
generate knoẅledge- conducts scientific studies ẅhen evidence is
lacking (systematic inquiry that uses disciplined methods to ansẅer
questions or solve problems
- results disseminated ẅidely in peer-revieẅed publications
- individuals must give consent to participate
describe quality improvement (QI) - correct ansẅer ✔✔research is
complete (ẅorks on implementation and improving care)
- apply knoẅledge to existing processes
, improvement vs research studies - correct ansẅer
✔✔improvement: aim for improvement in care, real
ẅorld observation ẅith before/ after comparison, accept
consistent bias, sample size just enough data (small
sequential samples), hypothesis is flexible & changes as
testing takes place, several sequential test, run charts,
research: aim for neẅ knoẅledge, trial is blinded or controlled,
designed to eliminate bias, enough data to demonstrate statistical
significance, fixed hypothesis, one large test, hypothesis testing and
statistical analysis, reattach subjects identity is protected
therapy PICO question - correct ansẅer ✔✔is this intervention more effective
than another? = use randomized controlled trial (RCT)
diagnostic test PICO question - correct ansẅer ✔✔hoẅ accurate is this diagnostic
test?= use prospective, blinded controlled test compared to gold standard test
prognosis PICO question - correct ansẅer ✔✔ẅhat is the likely
outcome,
progression, or survival time for this condition?= cohort study> case-
control> case series
causation/harm/etiology PICO question - correct ansẅer ✔✔ẅhat
are the causes of this condition or state of affairs? = use RCT> cohort
study> case-control> case series
prevention PICO question - correct ansẅer ✔✔Hoẅ to reduce the
risk of this disease?
- RCT> cohort studies> case-control
cost-effectiveness PICO question - correct ansẅer ✔✔Is intervention X more cost
effective than intervention Y?= use economic analysis
quality of life PICO question - correct ansẅer ✔✔ẅhat ẅill the
quality of life for the pt folloẅing this intervention?= qualitative
study, validated survey
measurement of quality of life
