NR565 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals Questions with Correct
Solutions A+ Grade | 2026/2027 Comprehensive Study Guide
Pharmacokinetics - (answer)The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body,
metabolized, and excreted.
Pharmacodynamics - (answer)The study of what the drug does to the body
Factors Affecting Drug Absorption - (answer)Rate of dissolution
Surface area
Blood flow
Lipid solubility
pH partitioning
Factors Affecting Drug Distribution - (answer)Blood flow to tissues
Ability to exit the vascular system
Blood-brain barrier
Protein-binding capacity
Xenobiotics - (answer)substances that are foreign to the body, usually synthetic chemical compounds;
medications are a common example
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) - (answer)xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes necessary for the production of
cholesterol and steroids and the detoxification of chemicals and drug metabolism.
Function of Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) - (answer)responsible for phase 1 metabolism in which drugs are
oxidized, reduced, or hydrolyzed
Phase 1 Metabolism of Drugs via P450 - (answer)Oxidation; Reduction; Hydrolysis
Three possible outcomes of phase 1 drug metabolism. - (answer)-Drug becomes completely inactive
,NR565 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals Questions with Correct
Solutions A+ Grade | 2026/2027 Comprehensive Study Guide
-Drug becomes partially inactive but one or more metabolites remain active
-Original drug is not pharmacologically active but one metabolite remains active
CYP450 Inducers - (answer)Medications that can increase the rate of another drug's metabolism by
elevating CYP450 enzyme activity via increasing enzyme synthesis. decreasing the concentration of the
"parent drug"
CYP450 Inducer Medications - (answer)CRAPGPS
Carbamazepine
Rifampin
Alcohol
Phenytoin
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbital
Sulfonylureas
CYP450 Inhibitors - (answer)Medications that inhibit the metabolic activity of one or more of the CYP450
enzymes. Higher risk for toxicity; prolongs the pharmacological effect of the "parent drug".
CYP450 Inhibitor Medications - (answer)VISACKGQ
Valproate
Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Amiodarone
Chloramphenicol
Ketoconazole
,NR565 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals Questions with Correct
Solutions A+ Grade | 2026/2027 Comprehensive Study Guide
Grapefruit Juice
Quinidine
Beers Criteria - (answer)-potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older adults
-potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older adults due to medication-disease or
medication-syndrome interactions that may exacerbate the disease or syndrome
-medications to be used cautiously in older adults
-clinically significant drug interactions that should be avoided in older adults
-medications to be avoided or dosage decreased in the presence of impaired kidney function in older
adults
Pharmacokinetic Interactions - (answer)when one medication systemically alters the potency of another
medication.
Absorption Interaction - (answer)result of a change due to one medication's effect on another
medication's route of entry into the body.
Distribution Interaction - (answer)caused by the amount of unbound/free medications available at the
various target sites.
Metabolism Interaction - (answer)concentration of the medication after biotransformation into active
and inactive metabolites in higher or lower than expected.
Elimination Interaction - (answer)the body's ability to eliminate medications in pure form or by altering a
metabolite from the body.
Pharmacodynamic Interactions - (answer)does not alter or impact absorption, distribution, metabolism,
or elimination because of the one medication's ability to manipulate the effect of another medication at
its site of action
, NR565 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals Questions with Correct
Solutions A+ Grade | 2026/2027 Comprehensive Study Guide
Practice Authority - (answer)refers to the nurse practitioner's ability to practice without physician
oversight
prescriptive authority - (answer)refers to the nurse practitioner's authority to prescribe medications.
Full-practice scope - (answer)Nurse practitioners have the autonomy to evaluate patients, diagnose,
order and interpret tests, initiate and manage treatments and prescribe medications, including
controlled substances without physician oversight.
Reduced-practice scope - (answer)Nurse practitioners are limited in at least one element of practice. The
state requires a formal collaborative agreement with an outside health discipline for the nurse
practitioner to provide patient care.
Restricted practice scope - (answer)Nurse practitioners are limited in at least one element of practice by
requiring supervision, delegation, or team management by an outside health discipline for the nurse
practitioner to provide patient care.
Drugs that cannot be ordered via E-Script - (answer)DEA Scheduled Drugs
Drugs that cannot be prescribed or refilled via phone - (answer)Schedule II drugs
Acute Pain - (answer)An occurrence of fewer than three months and is often precipitated by trauma and
acute medical conditions or treatment.
Types of Acute Pain - (answer)Referred Pain
Acute Somatic Pain
Acute visceral pain
Chronic pain - (answer)episode of pain that lasts for 6 months or longer; may be intermittent or
continuous
Solutions A+ Grade | 2026/2027 Comprehensive Study Guide
Pharmacokinetics - (answer)The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body,
metabolized, and excreted.
Pharmacodynamics - (answer)The study of what the drug does to the body
Factors Affecting Drug Absorption - (answer)Rate of dissolution
Surface area
Blood flow
Lipid solubility
pH partitioning
Factors Affecting Drug Distribution - (answer)Blood flow to tissues
Ability to exit the vascular system
Blood-brain barrier
Protein-binding capacity
Xenobiotics - (answer)substances that are foreign to the body, usually synthetic chemical compounds;
medications are a common example
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) - (answer)xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes necessary for the production of
cholesterol and steroids and the detoxification of chemicals and drug metabolism.
Function of Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) - (answer)responsible for phase 1 metabolism in which drugs are
oxidized, reduced, or hydrolyzed
Phase 1 Metabolism of Drugs via P450 - (answer)Oxidation; Reduction; Hydrolysis
Three possible outcomes of phase 1 drug metabolism. - (answer)-Drug becomes completely inactive
,NR565 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals Questions with Correct
Solutions A+ Grade | 2026/2027 Comprehensive Study Guide
-Drug becomes partially inactive but one or more metabolites remain active
-Original drug is not pharmacologically active but one metabolite remains active
CYP450 Inducers - (answer)Medications that can increase the rate of another drug's metabolism by
elevating CYP450 enzyme activity via increasing enzyme synthesis. decreasing the concentration of the
"parent drug"
CYP450 Inducer Medications - (answer)CRAPGPS
Carbamazepine
Rifampin
Alcohol
Phenytoin
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbital
Sulfonylureas
CYP450 Inhibitors - (answer)Medications that inhibit the metabolic activity of one or more of the CYP450
enzymes. Higher risk for toxicity; prolongs the pharmacological effect of the "parent drug".
CYP450 Inhibitor Medications - (answer)VISACKGQ
Valproate
Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Amiodarone
Chloramphenicol
Ketoconazole
,NR565 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals Questions with Correct
Solutions A+ Grade | 2026/2027 Comprehensive Study Guide
Grapefruit Juice
Quinidine
Beers Criteria - (answer)-potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older adults
-potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older adults due to medication-disease or
medication-syndrome interactions that may exacerbate the disease or syndrome
-medications to be used cautiously in older adults
-clinically significant drug interactions that should be avoided in older adults
-medications to be avoided or dosage decreased in the presence of impaired kidney function in older
adults
Pharmacokinetic Interactions - (answer)when one medication systemically alters the potency of another
medication.
Absorption Interaction - (answer)result of a change due to one medication's effect on another
medication's route of entry into the body.
Distribution Interaction - (answer)caused by the amount of unbound/free medications available at the
various target sites.
Metabolism Interaction - (answer)concentration of the medication after biotransformation into active
and inactive metabolites in higher or lower than expected.
Elimination Interaction - (answer)the body's ability to eliminate medications in pure form or by altering a
metabolite from the body.
Pharmacodynamic Interactions - (answer)does not alter or impact absorption, distribution, metabolism,
or elimination because of the one medication's ability to manipulate the effect of another medication at
its site of action
, NR565 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals Questions with Correct
Solutions A+ Grade | 2026/2027 Comprehensive Study Guide
Practice Authority - (answer)refers to the nurse practitioner's ability to practice without physician
oversight
prescriptive authority - (answer)refers to the nurse practitioner's authority to prescribe medications.
Full-practice scope - (answer)Nurse practitioners have the autonomy to evaluate patients, diagnose,
order and interpret tests, initiate and manage treatments and prescribe medications, including
controlled substances without physician oversight.
Reduced-practice scope - (answer)Nurse practitioners are limited in at least one element of practice. The
state requires a formal collaborative agreement with an outside health discipline for the nurse
practitioner to provide patient care.
Restricted practice scope - (answer)Nurse practitioners are limited in at least one element of practice by
requiring supervision, delegation, or team management by an outside health discipline for the nurse
practitioner to provide patient care.
Drugs that cannot be ordered via E-Script - (answer)DEA Scheduled Drugs
Drugs that cannot be prescribed or refilled via phone - (answer)Schedule II drugs
Acute Pain - (answer)An occurrence of fewer than three months and is often precipitated by trauma and
acute medical conditions or treatment.
Types of Acute Pain - (answer)Referred Pain
Acute Somatic Pain
Acute visceral pain
Chronic pain - (answer)episode of pain that lasts for 6 months or longer; may be intermittent or
continuous
