D 236 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY E UPDATED ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A PLUS
Question:
Chvostek's sign.
Answer:
Hypocalcemia (facial muscle spasm upon tapping)
Question:
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).
Answer:
Hormonal system regulating blood pressure and fluid balance.
Question:
Describe the RAAS System.
Answer:
1. BP drops 2. Kidneys release Renin 3. Renin splits angiotensin into angiotensin 1 4. ACE in the
lungs converts Angiotensin 1 into angiotensin 2 5. Angiotensin causes vasoconstriction, sodium, and
water reabsorption 6. Adrenal Cortex releases aldosterone, retaining sodium 7. The pituitary gland
releases ADH, increasing water absorption 8. stimulated hypothalamus to increase thirst 9. BP
RISES!!!
Question:
Blood pH range.
Answer:
7.35-7.45
,Question:
What is HCO3-.
Answer:
Bicarbonate
Question:
Is bicarbonate an acid or a base?
Answer:
base
Question:
What is CO2?
Answer:
carbon dioxide
Question:
is CO2 an acid or a base?
Answer:
acid
Question:
What is H+.
Answer:
hydrogen ion
,Question:
Is H+ an acid or a base?
Answer:
acid
Question:
Which organ controls CO2?
Answer:
lungs (exhale it out)
Question:
How is a patient's resp rate and CO2 during Hyperventilation?
Answer:
High Resp Rate / Low CO2
Question:
When a patient is intox, overdose, or a head injury how is their resp rate and CO2?
Answer:
Low resp rate / high CO2
Question:
Which organ controls H+ and HCO3?
Answer:
Kidneys
Question:
, What does it mean when an ABG is Fully Compensated?
Answer:
its pH is in normal range
Question:
What is Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
Answer:
A genetic form of heart disease that occurs when the cardiac muscle becomes thin and weakened in
at least one chamber of the heart.
Question:
How does the heart compensate during Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
Answer:
the heart attempts to increase the amount of blood being pumped through the heart. leads to further
thinning and weakening of the cardiac muscle results in heart failure overtime
Question:
Hypercapnia.
Answer:
excessive carbon dioxide in the blood
Question:
The Anion Gap.
Answer:
Difference between the concentrations of serum cations and anions: determined by measuring the
concentrations of sodium cations and chloride and bicarbonate anions.
GRADED A PLUS
Question:
Chvostek's sign.
Answer:
Hypocalcemia (facial muscle spasm upon tapping)
Question:
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).
Answer:
Hormonal system regulating blood pressure and fluid balance.
Question:
Describe the RAAS System.
Answer:
1. BP drops 2. Kidneys release Renin 3. Renin splits angiotensin into angiotensin 1 4. ACE in the
lungs converts Angiotensin 1 into angiotensin 2 5. Angiotensin causes vasoconstriction, sodium, and
water reabsorption 6. Adrenal Cortex releases aldosterone, retaining sodium 7. The pituitary gland
releases ADH, increasing water absorption 8. stimulated hypothalamus to increase thirst 9. BP
RISES!!!
Question:
Blood pH range.
Answer:
7.35-7.45
,Question:
What is HCO3-.
Answer:
Bicarbonate
Question:
Is bicarbonate an acid or a base?
Answer:
base
Question:
What is CO2?
Answer:
carbon dioxide
Question:
is CO2 an acid or a base?
Answer:
acid
Question:
What is H+.
Answer:
hydrogen ion
,Question:
Is H+ an acid or a base?
Answer:
acid
Question:
Which organ controls CO2?
Answer:
lungs (exhale it out)
Question:
How is a patient's resp rate and CO2 during Hyperventilation?
Answer:
High Resp Rate / Low CO2
Question:
When a patient is intox, overdose, or a head injury how is their resp rate and CO2?
Answer:
Low resp rate / high CO2
Question:
Which organ controls H+ and HCO3?
Answer:
Kidneys
Question:
, What does it mean when an ABG is Fully Compensated?
Answer:
its pH is in normal range
Question:
What is Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
Answer:
A genetic form of heart disease that occurs when the cardiac muscle becomes thin and weakened in
at least one chamber of the heart.
Question:
How does the heart compensate during Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
Answer:
the heart attempts to increase the amount of blood being pumped through the heart. leads to further
thinning and weakening of the cardiac muscle results in heart failure overtime
Question:
Hypercapnia.
Answer:
excessive carbon dioxide in the blood
Question:
The Anion Gap.
Answer:
Difference between the concentrations of serum cations and anions: determined by measuring the
concentrations of sodium cations and chloride and bicarbonate anions.
