D 236 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY E EXAM REVIEW SOLVED QUESTIONS COMPLETE ANSWERS
GRADED A PLUS
Question:
Intracellular Fluid.
Answer:
fluid inside of the cell, 2/3 of body weight mainly in muscle cells
Question:
Extracellular Fluid.
Answer:
fluid outside of the cell, 1/3 of bodily fluids blood vessels skin tissues spinal cord
Question:
Diffusion.
Answer:
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Question:
Osmosis.
Answer:
movement of fluid from an area of lower solute concentration to a higher concentration
Question:
Filtration.
,Answer:
water and solute movement occurs from an area of high hydrostatic pressure to an area of low
hydrostatic pressure
Question:
Osmolality.
Answer:
the number of osmotically active particles per kg of water
Question:
Hypertonic.
Answer:
osmolality greater than 300.
Question:
Hypotonic.
Answer:
osmolality less than 300. osmotic pressure is more significant in the body fluids pulled from body
into cell
Question:
An isotonic solution.
Answer:
0.09% normal saline
Question:
Interferons (IFNs).
,Answer:
type of cytokine that signals cells to increase anti-viral defenses. are released by cells that are
infected with a virus, causing other cells to become resistant to the virus play a role in tumor
suppression
Question:
Hypervolemia.
Answer:
fluid volume overload
Question:
Edema.
Answer:
swelling of soft tissues because of excess fluid accumulation
Question:
Causes of edema include:.
Answer:
-Increased hydrostatic (water) pressure Manifestation: High BP and pitting edema Renal Failure,
Heart Failure Decreased colloid osmotic pressure low albumin cirrhosis, starvation bacteria
infections/burns obstruction of lymphatic system (cancer or infection)
Question:
Symptoms of edema include:.
Answer:
- weight gain hypertension jugular vein distention ALOC (altered level of consciousness) weakness
increased urine output / or decreased in patients with renal failure Rapid RR (resp rate) shallow RR
fluid in lungs diarrhea, hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), ascites low lab values
, Question:
Hypovolemia.
Answer:
fluid volume deficit
Question:
Symptoms of hypovolemia include:.
Answer:
- vomiting diarrhea hot body & sweating fever heat stroke thyroid crisis urination
Question:
diabetes insipidus (DI).
Answer:
insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
Question:
Diabetes Ketoacidosis (DKA).
Answer:
-primary complication of type 1 diabetes the body produces excess ketones into the blood also
referred to as diabetic acidosis or diabetic coma
Question:
Diuretics.
Answer:
medications that reduce fluid volume in the body increase urine output
GRADED A PLUS
Question:
Intracellular Fluid.
Answer:
fluid inside of the cell, 2/3 of body weight mainly in muscle cells
Question:
Extracellular Fluid.
Answer:
fluid outside of the cell, 1/3 of bodily fluids blood vessels skin tissues spinal cord
Question:
Diffusion.
Answer:
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Question:
Osmosis.
Answer:
movement of fluid from an area of lower solute concentration to a higher concentration
Question:
Filtration.
,Answer:
water and solute movement occurs from an area of high hydrostatic pressure to an area of low
hydrostatic pressure
Question:
Osmolality.
Answer:
the number of osmotically active particles per kg of water
Question:
Hypertonic.
Answer:
osmolality greater than 300.
Question:
Hypotonic.
Answer:
osmolality less than 300. osmotic pressure is more significant in the body fluids pulled from body
into cell
Question:
An isotonic solution.
Answer:
0.09% normal saline
Question:
Interferons (IFNs).
,Answer:
type of cytokine that signals cells to increase anti-viral defenses. are released by cells that are
infected with a virus, causing other cells to become resistant to the virus play a role in tumor
suppression
Question:
Hypervolemia.
Answer:
fluid volume overload
Question:
Edema.
Answer:
swelling of soft tissues because of excess fluid accumulation
Question:
Causes of edema include:.
Answer:
-Increased hydrostatic (water) pressure Manifestation: High BP and pitting edema Renal Failure,
Heart Failure Decreased colloid osmotic pressure low albumin cirrhosis, starvation bacteria
infections/burns obstruction of lymphatic system (cancer or infection)
Question:
Symptoms of edema include:.
Answer:
- weight gain hypertension jugular vein distention ALOC (altered level of consciousness) weakness
increased urine output / or decreased in patients with renal failure Rapid RR (resp rate) shallow RR
fluid in lungs diarrhea, hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), ascites low lab values
, Question:
Hypovolemia.
Answer:
fluid volume deficit
Question:
Symptoms of hypovolemia include:.
Answer:
- vomiting diarrhea hot body & sweating fever heat stroke thyroid crisis urination
Question:
diabetes insipidus (DI).
Answer:
insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
Question:
Diabetes Ketoacidosis (DKA).
Answer:
-primary complication of type 1 diabetes the body produces excess ketones into the blood also
referred to as diabetic acidosis or diabetic coma
Question:
Diuretics.
Answer:
medications that reduce fluid volume in the body increase urine output
