ROSDahl'S TEXTBOOK OF BASIC NURSING 12TH
EDITION TEST BANK – CHAPTERS 1-103
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM – NCLEX-PN® STUDY
GUIDE
SECTION 1: THE ORIGINS OF NURSING AND PROFESSIONAL FOUNDATIONS (Chapters
1-6)
1. Which of Florence Nightingale's nursing principles is still practiced today?
A) The nurse's role is defined solely by the physician's orders.
B) The nurse's primary role is to spend time caring for others.
C) The nurse is viewed as an independent healthcare provider.
D) The nurse is tasked with the responsibility of keeping the environment clean.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nightingale emphasized that the nurse's primary role is caring for others, a
principle that remains central to nursing practice today. While environmental cleanliness
(D) was important historically, modern nursing has evolved to encompass holistic care that
includes direct patient interaction and advocacy .
2. What contribution did Roman Matron Phoebe make to the origins of nursing?
A) Established first gerontological facility.
B) Was the first deaconess and visiting nurse.
C) Established inns and hospitals for pilgrims.
D) Was the namesake of the first free hospital in Rome in 390 AD.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Phoebe is recognized in historical records as the first deaconess and visiting
,nurse, traveling to provide care to those in need. This established an early model of
community-based nursing that would influence later developments in public health
nursing .
3. What contribution did Roman Matron Saint Marcella make to the origins of nursing?
A) First to teach nursing skills.
B) Was the first deaconess and visiting nurse.
C) Established inns and hospitals for pilgrims.
D) Was the namesake of the first free hospital in Rome in 390 AD.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Saint Marcella is historically recognized as one of the first to systematically
teach nursing skills to others, establishing an early tradition of nursing education that
would become fundamental to professional nursing development .
4. In what time period were monastic orders established to care for the sick?
A) 500 BC
B) 460 BC
C) First century
D) Second century
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Monastic orders dedicated to caring for the sick were established during the
second century, marking an important period in the development of organized healthcare.
These religious orders provided systematic care and established some of the earliest
hospitals and healthcare facilities .
5. Which nursing programs were established on the basis of the Nightingale plan? (Select
all that apply)
A) Kaiserswerth School for Nursing
B) Bellevue Hospital School of Nursing
C) Connecticut Training School in New Haven
D) Boston Training School at Massachusetts
E) St. Thomas Hospital in London
Correct Answer: B, C, D
Rationale: Bellevue Hospital School of Nursing, Connecticut Training School in New
Haven, and Boston Training School at Massachusetts were all established following the
Nightingale model of formal nursing education. Kaiserswerth predated Nightingale's work,
and St. Thomas Hospital was where Nightingale established her own school, not a program
based on her plan .
,6. A beginning nursing student asks about the principles taught by the Nightingale Nursing
School. What should the nurse's answer include? (Select all that apply)
A) Cleanliness is vital to recovery.
B) Cure is better than prevention.
C) The nurse must work as a member of a team.
D) The nurse should be healthy in both mind and body.
E) The nurse must use discretion but must follow the physician's orders.
Correct Answer: A, C, D, E
Rationale: Nightingale taught that cleanliness is essential for recovery, that nurses work
collaboratively, that nurses must maintain their own health, and that they use discretion
while respecting physician authority. Prevention being better than cure (B) was not
emphasized in Nightingale's original curriculum .
7. A student nurse is interested in knowing some of the Nightingale School's innovations in
nursing education. What should the nurse's response include?
A) Establishment of a nurses' residence.
B) Records of school employment before graduation.
C) Exit examinations and academic and personal requirements, including a character
reference before working.
D) Records of each student's progress that was later known as the "Henderson plan."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Nightingale School introduced rigorous academic and personal
requirements, including exit examinations and character references before students were
permitted to work. This established standards for professional practice that shaped
nursing education. While a nurses' residence (A) and progress records (D) were elements,
the comprehensive examination and requirements system was the key innovation .
8. A nursing student asks about the significance of the Nightingale lamp. What is the
symbolism attached to this image?
A) Warmth of caring.
B) Nursing education.
C) Energy of the nurse to heal others.
D) Commitment of the nurse to heal others.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Nightingale lamp symbolizes the warmth of caring that nurses provide to
patients. It represents the compassionate, nurturing aspect of nursing that Florence
, Nightingale exemplified through her dedicated service to wounded soldiers during the
Crimean War .
9. Which interventions did Nightingale insist upon that immediately served to reduce the
mortality rate during the Crimean War? (Select all that apply)
A) Securing more funds and support.
B) Establishing sanitary conditions.
C) Providing quality nursing care.
D) Increasing available nutrition.
E) Procuring more medication.
Correct Answer: B, C, D
Rationale: Nightingale's immediate focus was on improving sanitary conditions, providing
quality nursing care, and increasing available nutrition. These interventions directly and
rapidly reduced the mortality rate. Securing funds (A) and procuring medication (E) were
secondary to the immediate environmental and care improvements .
10. What contribution did Isabel Hampton Robb make to the development of nursing in the
United States?
A) Founded the school of nursing at Johns Hopkins University.
B) Moved nursing from menial work to an honored profession.
C) Organized the school of nursing at Massachusetts General Hospital.
D) Founded American public health nursing.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Isabel Hampton Robb founded the school of nursing at Johns Hopkins
University, establishing high educational standards and professional expectations that
elevated nursing education in the United States. She was instrumental in moving nursing
toward a more professional model .
11. What contribution did Lillian Wald make to the development of nursing in the United
States?
A) Founded the American Red Cross.
B) Founded American public health nursing.
C) Superintendent of female nurses during the Civil War.
D) Organized the school of nursing at Massachusetts General Hospital.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lillian Wald founded American public health nursing through her work at the
Henry Street Settlement in New York City. She pioneered the concept of nurses working in
EDITION TEST BANK – CHAPTERS 1-103
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM – NCLEX-PN® STUDY
GUIDE
SECTION 1: THE ORIGINS OF NURSING AND PROFESSIONAL FOUNDATIONS (Chapters
1-6)
1. Which of Florence Nightingale's nursing principles is still practiced today?
A) The nurse's role is defined solely by the physician's orders.
B) The nurse's primary role is to spend time caring for others.
C) The nurse is viewed as an independent healthcare provider.
D) The nurse is tasked with the responsibility of keeping the environment clean.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nightingale emphasized that the nurse's primary role is caring for others, a
principle that remains central to nursing practice today. While environmental cleanliness
(D) was important historically, modern nursing has evolved to encompass holistic care that
includes direct patient interaction and advocacy .
2. What contribution did Roman Matron Phoebe make to the origins of nursing?
A) Established first gerontological facility.
B) Was the first deaconess and visiting nurse.
C) Established inns and hospitals for pilgrims.
D) Was the namesake of the first free hospital in Rome in 390 AD.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Phoebe is recognized in historical records as the first deaconess and visiting
,nurse, traveling to provide care to those in need. This established an early model of
community-based nursing that would influence later developments in public health
nursing .
3. What contribution did Roman Matron Saint Marcella make to the origins of nursing?
A) First to teach nursing skills.
B) Was the first deaconess and visiting nurse.
C) Established inns and hospitals for pilgrims.
D) Was the namesake of the first free hospital in Rome in 390 AD.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Saint Marcella is historically recognized as one of the first to systematically
teach nursing skills to others, establishing an early tradition of nursing education that
would become fundamental to professional nursing development .
4. In what time period were monastic orders established to care for the sick?
A) 500 BC
B) 460 BC
C) First century
D) Second century
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Monastic orders dedicated to caring for the sick were established during the
second century, marking an important period in the development of organized healthcare.
These religious orders provided systematic care and established some of the earliest
hospitals and healthcare facilities .
5. Which nursing programs were established on the basis of the Nightingale plan? (Select
all that apply)
A) Kaiserswerth School for Nursing
B) Bellevue Hospital School of Nursing
C) Connecticut Training School in New Haven
D) Boston Training School at Massachusetts
E) St. Thomas Hospital in London
Correct Answer: B, C, D
Rationale: Bellevue Hospital School of Nursing, Connecticut Training School in New
Haven, and Boston Training School at Massachusetts were all established following the
Nightingale model of formal nursing education. Kaiserswerth predated Nightingale's work,
and St. Thomas Hospital was where Nightingale established her own school, not a program
based on her plan .
,6. A beginning nursing student asks about the principles taught by the Nightingale Nursing
School. What should the nurse's answer include? (Select all that apply)
A) Cleanliness is vital to recovery.
B) Cure is better than prevention.
C) The nurse must work as a member of a team.
D) The nurse should be healthy in both mind and body.
E) The nurse must use discretion but must follow the physician's orders.
Correct Answer: A, C, D, E
Rationale: Nightingale taught that cleanliness is essential for recovery, that nurses work
collaboratively, that nurses must maintain their own health, and that they use discretion
while respecting physician authority. Prevention being better than cure (B) was not
emphasized in Nightingale's original curriculum .
7. A student nurse is interested in knowing some of the Nightingale School's innovations in
nursing education. What should the nurse's response include?
A) Establishment of a nurses' residence.
B) Records of school employment before graduation.
C) Exit examinations and academic and personal requirements, including a character
reference before working.
D) Records of each student's progress that was later known as the "Henderson plan."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Nightingale School introduced rigorous academic and personal
requirements, including exit examinations and character references before students were
permitted to work. This established standards for professional practice that shaped
nursing education. While a nurses' residence (A) and progress records (D) were elements,
the comprehensive examination and requirements system was the key innovation .
8. A nursing student asks about the significance of the Nightingale lamp. What is the
symbolism attached to this image?
A) Warmth of caring.
B) Nursing education.
C) Energy of the nurse to heal others.
D) Commitment of the nurse to heal others.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Nightingale lamp symbolizes the warmth of caring that nurses provide to
patients. It represents the compassionate, nurturing aspect of nursing that Florence
, Nightingale exemplified through her dedicated service to wounded soldiers during the
Crimean War .
9. Which interventions did Nightingale insist upon that immediately served to reduce the
mortality rate during the Crimean War? (Select all that apply)
A) Securing more funds and support.
B) Establishing sanitary conditions.
C) Providing quality nursing care.
D) Increasing available nutrition.
E) Procuring more medication.
Correct Answer: B, C, D
Rationale: Nightingale's immediate focus was on improving sanitary conditions, providing
quality nursing care, and increasing available nutrition. These interventions directly and
rapidly reduced the mortality rate. Securing funds (A) and procuring medication (E) were
secondary to the immediate environmental and care improvements .
10. What contribution did Isabel Hampton Robb make to the development of nursing in the
United States?
A) Founded the school of nursing at Johns Hopkins University.
B) Moved nursing from menial work to an honored profession.
C) Organized the school of nursing at Massachusetts General Hospital.
D) Founded American public health nursing.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Isabel Hampton Robb founded the school of nursing at Johns Hopkins
University, establishing high educational standards and professional expectations that
elevated nursing education in the United States. She was instrumental in moving nursing
toward a more professional model .
11. What contribution did Lillian Wald make to the development of nursing in the United
States?
A) Founded the American Red Cross.
B) Founded American public health nursing.
C) Superintendent of female nurses during the Civil War.
D) Organized the school of nursing at Massachusetts General Hospital.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lillian Wald founded American public health nursing through her work at the
Henry Street Settlement in New York City. She pioneered the concept of nurses working in
