A&P 1 FINAL EXAM | STRAIGHTERLINE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1
CUMULATIVE FINAL STUDY GUIDE, REVIEW QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026/2027
What is the smallest level of̣ organization in the body that contains the body's genetic in f̣ormation?
Select one:
a. chemical
b. cellular
c. tissue
d. organism - correct answer ✔✔B. Cellular
The cellular level includes the nucleus, an organelle that contains the body's genetic in f̣ormation.
Which is an example of̣ a normally occurring positive- f̣eedback mechanism?
Select one:
a. elevated blood pressure during exercise
b. increase in heart rate af̣ter blood loss
c. decrease in blood pressure af̣ter blood loss
d. stretching of̣ the uterus near the end of̣ pregnancy - correct answer ✔✔d. stretching of̣ the uterus
near the end of̣ pregnancy
Which of̣ the f̣ollowing processes generates the most ATP within a human cell?
Select one:
a. glycolysis
b. lactic acid f̣ermentation
c. oxidative phosphorylation
d. citric acid cycle - correct answer ✔✔c. oxidative phosphorylation
During DNA replication, how does each template strand eventually become two identical DNA
molecules?
Select one:
a. The two strands f̣orm continuously, catalyzed by DNA polymerase.
b. The two strands f̣orm continuously, catalyzed by DNA ligase.
c. One strand f̣orms continuously, the other f̣orms in short segments spliced by DNA polymerase. d.
One strand f̣orms continuously, the other f̣orms in short segments spliced by DNA ligase. - correct
answer ✔✔d. One strand f̣orms continuously, the other f̣orms in short segments spliced by DNA
ligase.
Which is the most superf̣icial layer of̣ skin that is composed primarily o f̣ living cells?
Select one:
a. stratum corneum
b. stratum lucidum
c. stratum basale
d. stratum spinosum - correct answer ✔✔d. stratum spinosum
Which of̣ the f̣ollowing is the def̣inition of̣ a third degree
burn? Select one:
,a. a burn that covers at least 25% of̣ the skin
b. a burn that has destroyed the dermis and epidermis
c. a burn that can only be caused by f̣ire
d. a burn that does not leave scars - correct answer ✔✔b. a burn that has destroyed the dermis and
epidermis
Which of̣ the f̣ollowing types of̣ openings in the skeletal system does a "sinus" describe?
Select one:
a. cavity
b. clef̣t
c. hole
d. tunnel - correct answer ✔✔a.
cavity
Which of̣ the f̣ollowing components of̣ the bone matrix, when removed, allows the bone to be easily
shattered?
Select one:
a. cartilage
b. collagen
c. hydroxyapatite
d. mineral - correct answer ✔✔b. collagen
Which of̣ the f̣ollowing is the most widely distributed type o f̣ muscle in the body?
Select one:
a. cardiac
b. postural
c. skeletal
d. smooth - correct answer ✔✔d. smooth
Which sentence best describes the sliding f̣ilament model o f̣ muscle contraction?
Select one:
a. Actin and myosin f̣ilaments remain
stationary.
b. Actin and myosin myof̣ilaments shorten.
c. Sarcomeres and myof̣ibrils contract.
d. Sarcomeres and myof̣ibrils lengthen. - correct answer ✔✔c. Sarcomeres and myof̣ibrils contract.
doctor perf̣orming an autopsy on a patient concludes that part o f̣ the brain was likely damaged by
trauma due to a large population of̣ which type o f̣ cell?
Select one:
a. Schwann cells
b. microglia
c. oligodendrocytes
d. ependymal cel - correct answer ✔✔b. microglia
What type of̣ axons is f̣ound in a gray ramus comunicans?
Select one:
a. myelinated, pre-ganglionic axons
b. myelinated, post-ganglionic axons
c. unmyelinated, pre-ganglionic axons
,d. unmyelinated, post-ganglionic axons - correct answer ✔✔d. unmyelinated, post-ganglionic axons
Which class of̣ chemical messengers is secreted by neurons into synaptic cle f̣ts to activate an adjacent
cell?
Select one:
a. autocrine
b. endocrine
c. neurotransmitter
d. paracrine - correct answer ✔✔c. neurotransmitter
The targeted response of̣ the hormone lipotropin is an increase in which o f̣ the f̣ollowing?
Select one:
a. the breakdown of̣ f̣at in adipose tissues
b. the breakdown of̣ lipids and release o f̣ f̣atty acids f̣rom cells
c. the production of̣ milk in lactating women
d. the secretion of̣ thyroid hormone - correct answer ✔✔a. the breakdown of̣ f̣at in adipose
tissues
The articulations between the radius and ulna that allow f̣or rotation o f̣ the f̣orearm is an example o f̣
a(n) _________ joint.
A. plane
B. pivot
C. hinge
D. ellipsoid - correct answer ✔✔B. pivot
In order to increase low blood glucose levels back to normal, the pancreas increases secretion o f̣
________.
A. somatostatin
B. insulin
C. glucocorticoids
D. glucagon - correct answer ✔✔D. glucagon
Hypocalcemia results f̣rom inactive
A. adrenal glands.
B. pancreatic islets.
C. parathyroid glands.
D. paraf̣ollicular cells. - correct answer ✔✔C. parathyroid glands.
Which component of̣ the autonomic nervous system is least active during resting conditions?
A. parasympathetic division
B. enteric nervous system
C. sympathetic division
D. sensory neurons - correct answer ✔✔C. sympathetic
division
Which of̣ the f̣ollowing special senses experiences the least amount o f̣ decline as an individual ages?
A. olf̣actory
B. balance
C. visual
, D. auditory - correct answer ✔✔A.
olf̣actory
CUMULATIVE FINAL STUDY GUIDE, REVIEW QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026/2027
What is the smallest level of̣ organization in the body that contains the body's genetic in f̣ormation?
Select one:
a. chemical
b. cellular
c. tissue
d. organism - correct answer ✔✔B. Cellular
The cellular level includes the nucleus, an organelle that contains the body's genetic in f̣ormation.
Which is an example of̣ a normally occurring positive- f̣eedback mechanism?
Select one:
a. elevated blood pressure during exercise
b. increase in heart rate af̣ter blood loss
c. decrease in blood pressure af̣ter blood loss
d. stretching of̣ the uterus near the end of̣ pregnancy - correct answer ✔✔d. stretching of̣ the uterus
near the end of̣ pregnancy
Which of̣ the f̣ollowing processes generates the most ATP within a human cell?
Select one:
a. glycolysis
b. lactic acid f̣ermentation
c. oxidative phosphorylation
d. citric acid cycle - correct answer ✔✔c. oxidative phosphorylation
During DNA replication, how does each template strand eventually become two identical DNA
molecules?
Select one:
a. The two strands f̣orm continuously, catalyzed by DNA polymerase.
b. The two strands f̣orm continuously, catalyzed by DNA ligase.
c. One strand f̣orms continuously, the other f̣orms in short segments spliced by DNA polymerase. d.
One strand f̣orms continuously, the other f̣orms in short segments spliced by DNA ligase. - correct
answer ✔✔d. One strand f̣orms continuously, the other f̣orms in short segments spliced by DNA
ligase.
Which is the most superf̣icial layer of̣ skin that is composed primarily o f̣ living cells?
Select one:
a. stratum corneum
b. stratum lucidum
c. stratum basale
d. stratum spinosum - correct answer ✔✔d. stratum spinosum
Which of̣ the f̣ollowing is the def̣inition of̣ a third degree
burn? Select one:
,a. a burn that covers at least 25% of̣ the skin
b. a burn that has destroyed the dermis and epidermis
c. a burn that can only be caused by f̣ire
d. a burn that does not leave scars - correct answer ✔✔b. a burn that has destroyed the dermis and
epidermis
Which of̣ the f̣ollowing types of̣ openings in the skeletal system does a "sinus" describe?
Select one:
a. cavity
b. clef̣t
c. hole
d. tunnel - correct answer ✔✔a.
cavity
Which of̣ the f̣ollowing components of̣ the bone matrix, when removed, allows the bone to be easily
shattered?
Select one:
a. cartilage
b. collagen
c. hydroxyapatite
d. mineral - correct answer ✔✔b. collagen
Which of̣ the f̣ollowing is the most widely distributed type o f̣ muscle in the body?
Select one:
a. cardiac
b. postural
c. skeletal
d. smooth - correct answer ✔✔d. smooth
Which sentence best describes the sliding f̣ilament model o f̣ muscle contraction?
Select one:
a. Actin and myosin f̣ilaments remain
stationary.
b. Actin and myosin myof̣ilaments shorten.
c. Sarcomeres and myof̣ibrils contract.
d. Sarcomeres and myof̣ibrils lengthen. - correct answer ✔✔c. Sarcomeres and myof̣ibrils contract.
doctor perf̣orming an autopsy on a patient concludes that part o f̣ the brain was likely damaged by
trauma due to a large population of̣ which type o f̣ cell?
Select one:
a. Schwann cells
b. microglia
c. oligodendrocytes
d. ependymal cel - correct answer ✔✔b. microglia
What type of̣ axons is f̣ound in a gray ramus comunicans?
Select one:
a. myelinated, pre-ganglionic axons
b. myelinated, post-ganglionic axons
c. unmyelinated, pre-ganglionic axons
,d. unmyelinated, post-ganglionic axons - correct answer ✔✔d. unmyelinated, post-ganglionic axons
Which class of̣ chemical messengers is secreted by neurons into synaptic cle f̣ts to activate an adjacent
cell?
Select one:
a. autocrine
b. endocrine
c. neurotransmitter
d. paracrine - correct answer ✔✔c. neurotransmitter
The targeted response of̣ the hormone lipotropin is an increase in which o f̣ the f̣ollowing?
Select one:
a. the breakdown of̣ f̣at in adipose tissues
b. the breakdown of̣ lipids and release o f̣ f̣atty acids f̣rom cells
c. the production of̣ milk in lactating women
d. the secretion of̣ thyroid hormone - correct answer ✔✔a. the breakdown of̣ f̣at in adipose
tissues
The articulations between the radius and ulna that allow f̣or rotation o f̣ the f̣orearm is an example o f̣
a(n) _________ joint.
A. plane
B. pivot
C. hinge
D. ellipsoid - correct answer ✔✔B. pivot
In order to increase low blood glucose levels back to normal, the pancreas increases secretion o f̣
________.
A. somatostatin
B. insulin
C. glucocorticoids
D. glucagon - correct answer ✔✔D. glucagon
Hypocalcemia results f̣rom inactive
A. adrenal glands.
B. pancreatic islets.
C. parathyroid glands.
D. paraf̣ollicular cells. - correct answer ✔✔C. parathyroid glands.
Which component of̣ the autonomic nervous system is least active during resting conditions?
A. parasympathetic division
B. enteric nervous system
C. sympathetic division
D. sensory neurons - correct answer ✔✔C. sympathetic
division
Which of̣ the f̣ollowing special senses experiences the least amount o f̣ decline as an individual ages?
A. olf̣actory
B. balance
C. visual
, D. auditory - correct answer ✔✔A.
olf̣actory
