Sir Sardar +92 3169752996
1. Proton number (atomic number, Z) – number of protons in the nucleus of an
atom.
2. Nucleon number (mass number, A) – total number of protons and neutrons in
the nucleus.
3. Isotopes – atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but
different numbers of neutrons.
4. Radioactive decay – the spontaneous and random emission of radiation from
an unstable nucleus.
5. Random process (radioactive decay) – decay is unpredictable; each nucleus
has the same probability of decaying at any time.
6. Spontaneous – a process that occurs on its own without any external
influence or input.
7. Background radiation – radiation present in the environment from natural and
artificial sources.
8. Ionisation – the process by which an atom or molecule gains or loses
electrons to form an ion.
9. Alpha particle (α) – a helium nucleus consisting of two protons and two
neutrons.
Sir Sardar +92 3169752996 1
1. Proton number (atomic number, Z) – number of protons in the nucleus of an
atom.
2. Nucleon number (mass number, A) – total number of protons and neutrons in
the nucleus.
3. Isotopes – atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but
different numbers of neutrons.
4. Radioactive decay – the spontaneous and random emission of radiation from
an unstable nucleus.
5. Random process (radioactive decay) – decay is unpredictable; each nucleus
has the same probability of decaying at any time.
6. Spontaneous – a process that occurs on its own without any external
influence or input.
7. Background radiation – radiation present in the environment from natural and
artificial sources.
8. Ionisation – the process by which an atom or molecule gains or loses
electrons to form an ion.
9. Alpha particle (α) – a helium nucleus consisting of two protons and two
neutrons.
Sir Sardar +92 3169752996 1
