NR511 Final Test Questions with Correct Answers
Medication regimen for Helicobacter pylori infection
1. The standard triple-drug therapy (clarithromycin and either amoxicillin or metronidazole)
with a PPI all twice a day for 14 days
2. Bismuth subsalicylate, PPIS, Tetracycline, Metronidazole
Differential diagnoses for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
1. Foot intolerance
2. Gluten Intolerance
3. Medication-Induced
4. Endocrine disorders
5. Anxiety/Depression
Crohn's disease referral
1. Referral to a gastroenterologist is necessary for endoscopic evaluation and tissue biopsy.
2. Confirmation of the diagnosis and any uncontrolled exacerbations should be referred to the
gastroenterologist.
3. Long-term use of steroids and immunosuppressive drugs dictates ongoing patient follow-
up
4.Individuals whose disease is not controlled with established medical therapy of low-dose
prednisone should be referred
Diagnosing esophageal stricture
EGD
,What is the typical white blood cell (WBC) count during the acute presentation of
cholecystitis?
Mild elevation to 15,000/μL.
AST & ALT in cholecystitis
Up to four times the normal amount; 300
alkaline phosphatase in acute cholecystitis
Two to four times greater than normal levels.
Acute cholecystitis bilirubin
Bilirubin can be as high as 4 mg/dL.
What does profound elevation of alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin suggest?
Choledocholithiasis.
What can an elevation in amylase indicate in the context of gallstones?
It can indicate passage of a stone through the common bile duct or gallstone pancreatitis.
What might abdominal x-ray films reveal in cases of acute cholecystitis?
Radiopaque gallstones, enlarged gallbladder, or air within the biliary system or peritoneal
cavity.
What is the initial imaging method used for diagnosing cholelithiasis?
Abdominal ultrasound (RUQ).
What is the sensitivity of abdominal ultrasound for acute cholecystitis?
Less sensitive compared to cholelithiasis.
, What imaging technique is best for visualizing an obstructed cystic duct in acute
cholecystitis?
Hepatobiliary imaging (cholescintigraphy) using a radiographic tracer (HIDA scan).
When is a computed tomography (CT) scan useful in the context of gallbladder issues?
If gangrene or perforation of the gallbladder is suspected.
Are laboratory findings diagnostic for appendicitis?
No, they are nonspecific and not diagnostic.
How are laboratory findings used in the context of appendicitis?
They are used in combination with data from the history and physical examination.
What does a complete blood count typically reveal in appendicitis?
A mild to moderate leukocytosis with a white blood cell count of 10,000 to 20,000 μg/L and
a left shift.
What does urinalysis show in 25% of appendicitis patients?
Microscopic hematuria or pyuria.
R/O with appendicitis (women)
human chorionic gonadotropin test completed to rule out (ectopic) pregnancy
Plain x-ray films of the abdomen
may show evidence of a fecalith, a gas-filled appendix, small bowel ileus, a deviation in the
bowel gas pattern, or a loss of the right iliopsoas shadow. Any of these findings is suggestive
of appendicitis when combined with a suspect history and physical examination.
Diagnostic testing for peptic ulcer disease
Medication regimen for Helicobacter pylori infection
1. The standard triple-drug therapy (clarithromycin and either amoxicillin or metronidazole)
with a PPI all twice a day for 14 days
2. Bismuth subsalicylate, PPIS, Tetracycline, Metronidazole
Differential diagnoses for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
1. Foot intolerance
2. Gluten Intolerance
3. Medication-Induced
4. Endocrine disorders
5. Anxiety/Depression
Crohn's disease referral
1. Referral to a gastroenterologist is necessary for endoscopic evaluation and tissue biopsy.
2. Confirmation of the diagnosis and any uncontrolled exacerbations should be referred to the
gastroenterologist.
3. Long-term use of steroids and immunosuppressive drugs dictates ongoing patient follow-
up
4.Individuals whose disease is not controlled with established medical therapy of low-dose
prednisone should be referred
Diagnosing esophageal stricture
EGD
,What is the typical white blood cell (WBC) count during the acute presentation of
cholecystitis?
Mild elevation to 15,000/μL.
AST & ALT in cholecystitis
Up to four times the normal amount; 300
alkaline phosphatase in acute cholecystitis
Two to four times greater than normal levels.
Acute cholecystitis bilirubin
Bilirubin can be as high as 4 mg/dL.
What does profound elevation of alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin suggest?
Choledocholithiasis.
What can an elevation in amylase indicate in the context of gallstones?
It can indicate passage of a stone through the common bile duct or gallstone pancreatitis.
What might abdominal x-ray films reveal in cases of acute cholecystitis?
Radiopaque gallstones, enlarged gallbladder, or air within the biliary system or peritoneal
cavity.
What is the initial imaging method used for diagnosing cholelithiasis?
Abdominal ultrasound (RUQ).
What is the sensitivity of abdominal ultrasound for acute cholecystitis?
Less sensitive compared to cholelithiasis.
, What imaging technique is best for visualizing an obstructed cystic duct in acute
cholecystitis?
Hepatobiliary imaging (cholescintigraphy) using a radiographic tracer (HIDA scan).
When is a computed tomography (CT) scan useful in the context of gallbladder issues?
If gangrene or perforation of the gallbladder is suspected.
Are laboratory findings diagnostic for appendicitis?
No, they are nonspecific and not diagnostic.
How are laboratory findings used in the context of appendicitis?
They are used in combination with data from the history and physical examination.
What does a complete blood count typically reveal in appendicitis?
A mild to moderate leukocytosis with a white blood cell count of 10,000 to 20,000 μg/L and
a left shift.
What does urinalysis show in 25% of appendicitis patients?
Microscopic hematuria or pyuria.
R/O with appendicitis (women)
human chorionic gonadotropin test completed to rule out (ectopic) pregnancy
Plain x-ray films of the abdomen
may show evidence of a fecalith, a gas-filled appendix, small bowel ileus, a deviation in the
bowel gas pattern, or a loss of the right iliopsoas shadow. Any of these findings is suggestive
of appendicitis when combined with a suspect history and physical examination.
Diagnostic testing for peptic ulcer disease
