PEAEAEA(MC)L (X3)
To what extent was the hon reformed political system the cause of rising unrest 1780
to 1820
PARA 1 UNReformED system
1) distribution of seats outdated system created in medieval period so
distribution based on importance of constituency at time of that period not
more than developments borough of old sorum had disappeared by the late
1700s it had two MPs but had a total of seven voters in 1800 Manchester
population of 182,000 and industrially more relevant and advanced But didn't
have a single representative shows outdated system on willingness to change
the lack of ability to talk about modern issues.
2) Elections lack of a secret ballot election voters subject to public viewing when
casting nervous this gave way to bribing and cooping landowners would
threaten tenants in borrows were very little people resided bribery was very
effective majority of smaller Borrowers directly controlled by either local land
or government itself ‘the man who gave the most drink gets the most
vote’(Baraclough)
- Corruption and political dominance of the upper class and it wasn't a
real democracy
3) Representatives the idea of being virtually represented was ironic as it couldn't
work with the Tories who believed in Laissez-faire. Educated man in Parliament
could be trusted to make decisions that benefited everyone. Pocket Boroughs
could be bought and thus rich could influence politics. Some MPs rarely had to
worry about losing their seat as they'd go uncontested
PARA 2 ECONOMIC/SOCIO-ECONOMIC
1) Corn LAWS: High food prices reduced their standard of living and increased
poverty and malnutrition. foreign corn products heavily talked 1815 1816 to 17
winter was one of the worst in record of all time. The laws benefited
landowners and the agricultural sector at the expense of industrial workers
and the urban poor. This exacerbated economic inequality and resentment
between the classes. Poor harvests and a decline in agricultural prices led to
rural distress. Many agricultural workers and small farmers faced hardship,
increasing rural poverty and migration to cities.
2) Post-Napoleonic wars: The end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 led to
economic disruptions. The transition from a wartime to a peacetime economy
caused economic dislocation. Hungry 20s. The early stages of the Industrial
Revolution created significant social upheaval. Factory work was often poorly
paid, and working conditions were harsh. Rapid urbanization led to
overcrowded, unsanitary living conditions in cities.
3) Unemployment: Soldiers returning home added to the labor supply, leading to
unemployment. Weavers earning 15 shillings and 1803 saw their wages
reduced by two thirds following the wars. War-time production demands had
kept factories busy, but the end of the war led to a reduction in demand for
military supplies and other wartime goods.
, PARA3 THE ENLIGHTENMENT
1) French Revolution : The French Revolution demonstrated that it was possible
to overthrow an established monarchy and radically change a political system.
This inspired radical movements in Britain, which saw the potential for similar
reforms. The success of the French Revolution in its early stages emboldened
British reformers and revolutionaries who sought greater political participation
and social justice. Also, led to the paranoia of the government so things such
as Peterloo ended badly. This included the suspension of habeas corpus, the
suppression of radical societies, and the passage of repressive legislation like
the Six Acts following the Peterloo Massacre.
2) Paine: Spide by the Revolution he wrote Rights of Man in 92 Condemned
inequalities of current system by 1793 200,000 copies were sold it Drew
attention to corruption and inspired Reformers. At the spa Fields riot for
example Henry Hunt handed out free copies of this book.
3) Peterloo attracted 60,000 people it was peaceful and women and kids were
there too local yeomanry was ordered by the local magistrates to disband the
group and hunt was arrested 18 people were killed and more than 400 people
were injured they were seen as martyrs .
PEAEAEA(MC)L (X3)
To what extent were internal divisions the primary cause of chartism's limited
success?
Paragraph 1: internal divisions: argue this is main
1) Lack of similar aims charters and was an umbrella movement 1838 first major charters
and meetings 100,000 in Glasgow 30,000 in leads 30,000 in Manchester immediately clear
splits between those who wanted to strike and those who wanted to work within the law.
- 1839 ‘Sacred Month’ in August (which was a month-long strike)
November: Newport rising led by John Frost. Only ~25,000 went.
To what extent was the hon reformed political system the cause of rising unrest 1780
to 1820
PARA 1 UNReformED system
1) distribution of seats outdated system created in medieval period so
distribution based on importance of constituency at time of that period not
more than developments borough of old sorum had disappeared by the late
1700s it had two MPs but had a total of seven voters in 1800 Manchester
population of 182,000 and industrially more relevant and advanced But didn't
have a single representative shows outdated system on willingness to change
the lack of ability to talk about modern issues.
2) Elections lack of a secret ballot election voters subject to public viewing when
casting nervous this gave way to bribing and cooping landowners would
threaten tenants in borrows were very little people resided bribery was very
effective majority of smaller Borrowers directly controlled by either local land
or government itself ‘the man who gave the most drink gets the most
vote’(Baraclough)
- Corruption and political dominance of the upper class and it wasn't a
real democracy
3) Representatives the idea of being virtually represented was ironic as it couldn't
work with the Tories who believed in Laissez-faire. Educated man in Parliament
could be trusted to make decisions that benefited everyone. Pocket Boroughs
could be bought and thus rich could influence politics. Some MPs rarely had to
worry about losing their seat as they'd go uncontested
PARA 2 ECONOMIC/SOCIO-ECONOMIC
1) Corn LAWS: High food prices reduced their standard of living and increased
poverty and malnutrition. foreign corn products heavily talked 1815 1816 to 17
winter was one of the worst in record of all time. The laws benefited
landowners and the agricultural sector at the expense of industrial workers
and the urban poor. This exacerbated economic inequality and resentment
between the classes. Poor harvests and a decline in agricultural prices led to
rural distress. Many agricultural workers and small farmers faced hardship,
increasing rural poverty and migration to cities.
2) Post-Napoleonic wars: The end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 led to
economic disruptions. The transition from a wartime to a peacetime economy
caused economic dislocation. Hungry 20s. The early stages of the Industrial
Revolution created significant social upheaval. Factory work was often poorly
paid, and working conditions were harsh. Rapid urbanization led to
overcrowded, unsanitary living conditions in cities.
3) Unemployment: Soldiers returning home added to the labor supply, leading to
unemployment. Weavers earning 15 shillings and 1803 saw their wages
reduced by two thirds following the wars. War-time production demands had
kept factories busy, but the end of the war led to a reduction in demand for
military supplies and other wartime goods.
, PARA3 THE ENLIGHTENMENT
1) French Revolution : The French Revolution demonstrated that it was possible
to overthrow an established monarchy and radically change a political system.
This inspired radical movements in Britain, which saw the potential for similar
reforms. The success of the French Revolution in its early stages emboldened
British reformers and revolutionaries who sought greater political participation
and social justice. Also, led to the paranoia of the government so things such
as Peterloo ended badly. This included the suspension of habeas corpus, the
suppression of radical societies, and the passage of repressive legislation like
the Six Acts following the Peterloo Massacre.
2) Paine: Spide by the Revolution he wrote Rights of Man in 92 Condemned
inequalities of current system by 1793 200,000 copies were sold it Drew
attention to corruption and inspired Reformers. At the spa Fields riot for
example Henry Hunt handed out free copies of this book.
3) Peterloo attracted 60,000 people it was peaceful and women and kids were
there too local yeomanry was ordered by the local magistrates to disband the
group and hunt was arrested 18 people were killed and more than 400 people
were injured they were seen as martyrs .
PEAEAEA(MC)L (X3)
To what extent were internal divisions the primary cause of chartism's limited
success?
Paragraph 1: internal divisions: argue this is main
1) Lack of similar aims charters and was an umbrella movement 1838 first major charters
and meetings 100,000 in Glasgow 30,000 in leads 30,000 in Manchester immediately clear
splits between those who wanted to strike and those who wanted to work within the law.
- 1839 ‘Sacred Month’ in August (which was a month-long strike)
November: Newport rising led by John Frost. Only ~25,000 went.
