CCRN COMPREHENSIVE EXAM TEST BANK FINAL EXAM
2026/2027 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND STUDY GUIDE
COMPLETE ACCCURATE EXAM REAL QUESTIONS WITH WELL
ELABORATED SOLUTIONS AND DETAILED RATIONALES
(100% CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATE 2026
EDIDTION || GUARANTEED PASS
A 28-year-old man is admitted with bowel perforation. His blood pressure
is 92/64 mm Hg, heart rate is 116 beats/min and regular, respiratory rate is
22 breaths/min and regular, and urine output has only been 20 ml since
being admitted 3 hours ago. Mucous membranes are dry, and there is poor
skin turgor. Based on this information, you would expect his pulmonary
artery occlusive pressure to be:
A.
4 mm Hg.
B.
8 mm Hg.
C.
12 mm Hg.
D.
16 mm Hg.
A. 4 mm Hg.
This assessment reveals dehydration (hypotension, tachycardia, oliguria, dry
mucous membranes, and poor skin turgor). A pulmonary artery occlusive
pressure (PAOP) of 4 mm Hg would correlate with the physical assessment.
Normal PAOP is 12 to 15 mm Hg.
Clinical indications of dehydration are present in the case study. Choose
the value below normal. Choose 4 mm Hg.
,A patient with acute kidney injury has the following arterial blood gas
results:
pH7.32Paco235 mm HgHCO318 mEq/L
This acid-base imbalance is the result of the inability of the kidney to:
A.
excrete acid by-products of metabolism.
B.
excrete carbon dioxide.
C.
excrete bicarbonate ions.
D.
excrete calcium ions.
A. excrete acid by-products of metabolism.
The patient has a metabolic acidosis because the kidneys are unable to
excrete the acid by-products of cellular metabolism.
A 42-year-old woman is admitted with myasthenic crisis after a viral illness.
Which of the following are characteristics of myasthenia gravis?
A.
It causes muscle weakness and fatigability.
B.
It is associated with demyelination of peripheral nerve fibers.
C.
It affects the nerve roots.
D.
It may result in adrenergic crisis.
It causes muscle weakness and fatigability.
Myasthenia gravis is a disorder of voluntary muscles caused by a defect in
nerve impulse transmission at the neuromuscular junction. It causes muscle
weakness and fatigability.
.
,A 42-year-old man is admitted to the critical care unit with smoke inhalation
and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). He is intubated, and the
following mechanical ventilation is initiated: fraction of inspired oxygen, 0.6;
intermittent mandatory ventilation, 10 breaths/min; tidal volume, 450 ml;
positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), 15 cm H2O. Arterial blood gases
are pH, 7.39; PaCO2, 42 mm Hg; HCO3, 24 mEq/L; and PaO2, 70 mm Hg.
The purpose of using PEEP in the treatment of this patient is which of the
following?
A.
Increase pulmonary compliance.
B.
Decrease the chance of barotrauma.
C.
Increase alveolar surface tension.
D.
Decrease intrapulmonary shunt.
D. Decrease intrapulmonary shunt.
PEEP has three primary purposes: to increase the driving pressure of
oxygen, to decrease surface tension and the work of breathing, and to
decrease shunt by reopening collapsed alveoli. In ARDS, the purpose of
PEEP is to open alveoli that have collapsed (called alveolar recruitment)
and to keep alveoli open that are still open. The effect of this action is to
decrease intrapulmonary shunt.
, Which ventilator mode requires close monitoring for auto-PEEP (positive
end-expiratory pressure)?
A.
Intermittent mandatory ventilation
B.
Pressure support ventilation
C.
Pressure-controlled inverse ratio ventilation
D.
Pressure-regulated, volume-controlled ventilation
C. Pressure-controlled inverse ratio ventilation
Pressure-controlled inverse ratio ventilation, which flips the normal 2:1
inspiration/expiration ratio to make inspiration longer than expiration, allows
trapping of air in the lungs. This inadvertent PEEP is called auto-PEEP.
Which of the following best differentiates hypovolemic from cardiogenic
shock?
A.
Increased systemic vascular resistance
B.
Decreased cardiac index
C.
Decreased urine output
D.
Decreased pulmonary artery occlusive pressure
D. Decreased pulmonary artery occlusive pressure
The cardiac index is decreased, the systemic vascular resistance is
increased, and the urine output is decreased in hypovolemic and
cardiogenic shock. The pulmonary artery occlusive pressure (PAOP) is
decreased in hypovolemic shock but increased in cardiogenic shock.
2026/2027 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND STUDY GUIDE
COMPLETE ACCCURATE EXAM REAL QUESTIONS WITH WELL
ELABORATED SOLUTIONS AND DETAILED RATIONALES
(100% CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATE 2026
EDIDTION || GUARANTEED PASS
A 28-year-old man is admitted with bowel perforation. His blood pressure
is 92/64 mm Hg, heart rate is 116 beats/min and regular, respiratory rate is
22 breaths/min and regular, and urine output has only been 20 ml since
being admitted 3 hours ago. Mucous membranes are dry, and there is poor
skin turgor. Based on this information, you would expect his pulmonary
artery occlusive pressure to be:
A.
4 mm Hg.
B.
8 mm Hg.
C.
12 mm Hg.
D.
16 mm Hg.
A. 4 mm Hg.
This assessment reveals dehydration (hypotension, tachycardia, oliguria, dry
mucous membranes, and poor skin turgor). A pulmonary artery occlusive
pressure (PAOP) of 4 mm Hg would correlate with the physical assessment.
Normal PAOP is 12 to 15 mm Hg.
Clinical indications of dehydration are present in the case study. Choose
the value below normal. Choose 4 mm Hg.
,A patient with acute kidney injury has the following arterial blood gas
results:
pH7.32Paco235 mm HgHCO318 mEq/L
This acid-base imbalance is the result of the inability of the kidney to:
A.
excrete acid by-products of metabolism.
B.
excrete carbon dioxide.
C.
excrete bicarbonate ions.
D.
excrete calcium ions.
A. excrete acid by-products of metabolism.
The patient has a metabolic acidosis because the kidneys are unable to
excrete the acid by-products of cellular metabolism.
A 42-year-old woman is admitted with myasthenic crisis after a viral illness.
Which of the following are characteristics of myasthenia gravis?
A.
It causes muscle weakness and fatigability.
B.
It is associated with demyelination of peripheral nerve fibers.
C.
It affects the nerve roots.
D.
It may result in adrenergic crisis.
It causes muscle weakness and fatigability.
Myasthenia gravis is a disorder of voluntary muscles caused by a defect in
nerve impulse transmission at the neuromuscular junction. It causes muscle
weakness and fatigability.
.
,A 42-year-old man is admitted to the critical care unit with smoke inhalation
and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). He is intubated, and the
following mechanical ventilation is initiated: fraction of inspired oxygen, 0.6;
intermittent mandatory ventilation, 10 breaths/min; tidal volume, 450 ml;
positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), 15 cm H2O. Arterial blood gases
are pH, 7.39; PaCO2, 42 mm Hg; HCO3, 24 mEq/L; and PaO2, 70 mm Hg.
The purpose of using PEEP in the treatment of this patient is which of the
following?
A.
Increase pulmonary compliance.
B.
Decrease the chance of barotrauma.
C.
Increase alveolar surface tension.
D.
Decrease intrapulmonary shunt.
D. Decrease intrapulmonary shunt.
PEEP has three primary purposes: to increase the driving pressure of
oxygen, to decrease surface tension and the work of breathing, and to
decrease shunt by reopening collapsed alveoli. In ARDS, the purpose of
PEEP is to open alveoli that have collapsed (called alveolar recruitment)
and to keep alveoli open that are still open. The effect of this action is to
decrease intrapulmonary shunt.
, Which ventilator mode requires close monitoring for auto-PEEP (positive
end-expiratory pressure)?
A.
Intermittent mandatory ventilation
B.
Pressure support ventilation
C.
Pressure-controlled inverse ratio ventilation
D.
Pressure-regulated, volume-controlled ventilation
C. Pressure-controlled inverse ratio ventilation
Pressure-controlled inverse ratio ventilation, which flips the normal 2:1
inspiration/expiration ratio to make inspiration longer than expiration, allows
trapping of air in the lungs. This inadvertent PEEP is called auto-PEEP.
Which of the following best differentiates hypovolemic from cardiogenic
shock?
A.
Increased systemic vascular resistance
B.
Decreased cardiac index
C.
Decreased urine output
D.
Decreased pulmonary artery occlusive pressure
D. Decreased pulmonary artery occlusive pressure
The cardiac index is decreased, the systemic vascular resistance is
increased, and the urine output is decreased in hypovolemic and
cardiogenic shock. The pulmonary artery occlusive pressure (PAOP) is
decreased in hypovolemic shock but increased in cardiogenic shock.
