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LEARNING GUIDE FOR HEALTH SERVICES SUPPORT LEVEL 5

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LEARNING GUIDE FOR HEALTH SERVICES SUPPORT LEVEL 5 CHAPTER ONE: FIRST AID SERVICES Unit of Learning Code: HE/CU/HSS/CC/01/5/A Related Unit of Competency in Occupational Standard: Provide First Aid Services and CPR 1.1 Introduction to the Unit of Learning This unit specifies the competencies required to provide first aid. It involves providing cardio- pulmonary resuscitation; managing choking, burns, scalds, trauma, nose bleeding, cuts, fractures, drowning, poisoning and snake bites. It also involves assisting patients with existing conditions such as asthma, epilepsy and diabetes. 1.2 Summary of Learning Outcomes 1. Assess the nature and extent of injury or illness 2. Provide first aid intervention 3. Evaluate first aid intervention 4. Wind-up first aid intervention 1.2.1 Learning Outcome 1: Assess the nature and Extent of Injury or Illness 1.2.1.1 Introduction to the Learning Outcome This learning outcome specifies the content of competencies required to assess the nature and extent of injury or illness. It includes principles of first aid, scene size up, assessment of nature and extent of injury and /or illness, sourcing for emergency services, decision making-triaging and requirements for first aid. Effective assessment of the nature and extent of injury or illness reduces the mortality rate by 75% in most of emergency cases. 1.2.1.2 Performance Standards 1. Assessed personal, casualty and environment safety as per principles of first aid. 2. Assessed the nature and extent of injury and /or illness in accordance to first aid principles. 3. Called assistance from emergency services as per first aid principles. 4. Made a decision promptly regarding action to be taken. 5. Identified tools, equipment, materials and supplies required based on the assessment carried out. 6. Gathered tools, equipment, materials and supplies based on the assessment of the situation. 1.2.1.3 Information Sheet Definition of Terms Casualty- the department of a hospital providing immediate treatment for emergency cases First Aid- is the first and immediate assistance given to any person suffering from either a minor or serious illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, or to promote recovery Emergency services- are the public organizations whose job is to take quick action to deal with emergencies when they occur, especially the fire brigade, the police, and the ambulance service. Injury- also known as physical trauma is damage to the body caused by external force. This may be caused by accidents, falls, hits, weapons, and other causes. Principles of first aid Preserve Life The first aim of first aid is to preserve life, which involves the key emergency practices to ensure that the casualty isn’t in any mortal danger. Remember though, this includes preserving your own life as you shouldn’t put yourself in danger in order to apply first aid. It’s at this stage where you should do a quick risk assessment to check for dangers to the injured person, yourself or bystanders which could cause the situation to escalate. If in doubt, do not attempt to apply first aid and immediately call for a medical professional. Prevent Deterioration Once you’ve followed all the steps associated with the first principle, your next priority is to prevent deterioration of the injured person’s condition. Keeping a casualty still to avoid aggravating their injury, or from complicating any unseen issues, is crucial. This helps prevent to further injuries, and clearing the area of any immediate dangers will help you to do so. Promote Recovery Finally, there are steps you should follow which will help lessen the amount of time taken for a casualty to recover from an accident and aid in minimizing lasting damage and scarring. The prime example of this is applying cold water to a burn as soon as possible to lower the chance of long-term scarring and helps speed up the healing process. Scene Size-up The scene size-up is performed as units first approach their call. While the activity is part of most EMS training programs, it is often limited to the student asking: "I perform my scene size-up, what do I see?" and then being given answers by a well-meaning instructor looking to move the scenario along to the "important clinical part." On the job, very few calls present consequences for the responder if a thorough scene size-up is not performed; as a result, providers become complacent and out of practice. All skills in medicine fade with disuse and many providers weren’t proficient at a scene size-up to begin with. More often than not, a cursory size-up is performed and rarely is it communicated to other responding units. Here are five tips for a more effective scene size-up to inform other EMS providers and initiate effective incident management. 1. PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT Standardization is one of the common ways to increase safety and reduce the chance of an error. Many new EMS providers are advised to perform their history and physical exam the same way every time to reduce the chance of missing a portion of the assessment. 2. COMMUNICATE EARLY, COMMUNICATE OFTEN

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, ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
ADE: Adverse drug events
AUM: Associate Unit Manager
BC: Basic competency
CBET: Competency Based Education and Training
CC: Common competency
CDACC: Curriculum Development, Assessment and Certification Council
CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CEO: Chief Executive Officer
CR: Core competency
CSA: Canadian Standards Association
CU: Curriculum
DLSM: Department Laboratory Safety Manual
ED: Emergency Department
EMR: Electronic Medical Record
IPD: Inpatient Department
ISBAR: Identify, Situation, Background, Assessment and Recommendation
KCS Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
KNQA: Kenya National Qualifications Authority
MCI: Mass-Casualty Incident
MOH: Ministry of Health
NGT: Naso-gastric Tube
NUM: Nurse Unit Manager’s
OGT: Oro-gastric Tube
OPD: Outpatient Department
OS: Occupational Standards
OSH: Occupational Safety and Health
PICU: Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
POTT: Perioperative Theatre Technology
PPE: Personal Protective Equipment
RBC: Red Blood Cells
SDGs: Sustainable Development Goals
SOPs: Standard Operating Procedures
SSAC: Sector Skills Advisory Committee
TVET : Technical and Vocational Education and Training
UV: Ultraviolet
VTT: Vocational and Technical Training
WBC: White Blood Cells
WHO: World Health Organization
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, TABLE OF CONTENT


FOREWORD ......................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
PREFACE ...........................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ....................................................................................... ii
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................................................. iii
LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... vi
BACKGROUND INFORMATION............................................................................................... 2
CHAPTER ONE: FIRST AID SERVICES .................................................................................. 4
1.2.1 Learning Outcome 1: Assess the nature and Extent of Injury or Illness .................... 4
1.2.2 Learning Outcome 2: Provide First Aid Intervention .............................................. 17
1.2.3 Learning Outcome 3: Evaluate First Aid Intervention ............................................. 58
1.2.4 Learning Outcome 4: Wind-up First Aid Intervention ............................................. 74
CHAPTER TWO: MEDICAL-LEGAL ETHICS IN HEALTH SERVICES SUPPORT ..... 92
2.2.1 Learning Outcome 1:1 Acquire Knowledge Medical- Legal Ethics in HSS .................. 92
2.2.2 Learning Outcome 2: Apply Professional Ethics in HSS................................................. 102
2.2.3 Learning Outcome 3: Liaise with Law Enforcement Team on Medical Legal and Ethical
Issues ......................................................................................................................................... 108
2.2.4. Learning Outcome 4: Document Medical Legal- Ethical Issues in HSS ........................ 116
CHAPTER THREE: COMMON DISEASES .......................................................................... 123
3.2.1 Learning outcome 1 Demonstrate Knowledge of Organization of Human Body ............ 123
3.2.1.5 Self-Assessment ............................................................................................................ 135
3.2.2 Learning Outcome 2: Demonstrate the Knowledge of Communicable Diseases ............ 140
3.2.3 Learning Outcome 3: Demonstrate the knowledge of non-communicable diseases........ 149
3.2.4. Learning Outcome 4: Demonstrate the knowledge on management of common diseases
................................................................................................................................................... 154
CHAPTER FOUR: ORGANIZATION OF HEALTH FACILITIES ................................... 158
4.2.1 Learning Outcome 1: Demonstrate the Knowledge of a Health Facility Set-up .......... 158
4.2.2 Learning Outcome 2: Apply Knowledge of Organization of Health Facility .................. 173
4.2.3 Learning Outcome 3: Demonstrate Functions of Health Services Support Provider ....... 185
CHAPTER FIVE: MEDICAL TERMINOLOGIES IN HSS ................................................. 191
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, 5.2.1 Learning Outcome 1: Demonstrate Understanding of Medical Acronyms and Abbreviation
................................................................................................................................................... 191
5.2.2. Learning outcome 2: Interpret Medical Abbreviation and Acronyms ............................ 200
5.2.3 Learning Outcome 3 Interpret Medical terms associated with human body systems
and their disorders.................................................................................................................... 212
5.2.4 Learning outcome 4: Meet Communication Needs of Clients ......................................... 234
CHAPTER SIX: INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL ........................................ 238
6.2.1 Learning Outcome 1: Wear Personal Protective Equipment............................................ 238
6.2.2 Learning Outcome 2: Perform Safety Practices ............................................................... 251
6.2.3 Learning Outcome 3: Plan and Prepare for Sterilization ................................................. 260
6.2.4 Learning Outcome 4: Carry Out Autoclaving Procedure ................................................. 267
6.2.5 Learning Outcome 5: Store Instruments and Consumables ............................................. 271
6.2.6 Learning Outcome 6: Carry Out Pest and Rodent Control .............................................. 274
6.2.7 Learning Outcome 7: Manage Hospital Waste ................................................................ 277
CHAPTER SEVEN: HOSPITAL HOUSEKEEPING PROCEDURES ................................ 282
7.2.1 Learning Outcome Number 1: Plan and Prepare for Housekeeping Procedures ............. 282
7.2.2 Learning Outcome 2: Perform Dusting ............................................................................ 301
7.2.3 Learning Outcome Number 3: Perform Cleaning Procedure ........................................... 305
7.2.4 Learning Outcome Number 4: Carry Out Laundry Duties............................................... 318
7.2.5 Learning Outcome Number 5: Wind up Housekeeping Procedures ................................ 322
CHAPTER EIGHT: OUTPATIENT AND INPATIENT SUPPORT SERVICES ............... 324
8.2.1 Learning Outcome 1: Plan and Implement Inpatient and Outpatient Procedures ........... 324
8.2.2 Learning Outcome 2: Participate in Triaging Process..................................................... 348
8.2.3 Learning Outcome 3: Participate in Patient Admission Process ..................................... 358
8.2.4 Learning Outcome 4: Provide Supportive Patient Care Activities.................................. 370
8.2.5 Learning Outcome 5: Assist in Discharge Process ......................................................... 424
CHAPTER NINE: SUPPORT HOSPITAL CATERING SERVICES .................................. 443
9.2.1 Learning outcome 1: Plan and prepare for Hospital Catering Services ........................... 443
9.2.2 Learning Outcome 2: Deliver hospital catering services ................................................ 462
9.2.3 Learning outcome 3: Monitor and Evaluate Hospital Catering Services ......................... 477
CHAPTER TEN: MORTUARY TECHNIQUES .................................................................... 499
10.2.1 Learning Outcome 1: Prepare and plan to Undertake Mortuary Procedures ................. 499

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