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Samenvatting Oncologie leerjaar 1

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Een volledige samenvattingen van de voorbereidingspowerpoints voor dit vak. Alle leerdoelen worden behandeld.

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Uploaded on
June 20, 2021
Number of pages
33
Written in
2020/2021
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Summary

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Oncologie samenvatting
Les 1: the nature of cancer
Pathologie: ziekteleer (breder begrip)
Oncologie: subgroep van pathologie

Een tumor start met celschade
Twee typen:
• Reversible injury: omkeerbare schade,
• Irreversible injury: onomkeerbare schade, leidt tot celdood (necrose of apoptose)

Apoptose vs necrose
• Apoptose
- Geprogrammeerde celdood, cel scheurt niet, geen ontsteking. Cellen worden
netjes opgeruimd door macrofagen.
• Necrose
- Stijging van celvolume, cel scheurt, enzymatische vertering




Oorzaken van celschade
- Hypoxia → te weinig zuurstof
- Fysieke elementen → mechanische trauma, extreme temperaturen, verandering
in atmosferische druk, elektrische shock, straling
- Chemische elementen en drugs
- Infecties/ontstekingen
- Immunologische reacties
- Genetische aandoeningen
- Niet goed voeding

Cellulaire aanpassingen van omkeerbare schade
• Hyperplasia = stijging in hoeveelheid cellen

, • Hypertrophy = stijging in celgrootte
• Atrophy = daling in celgrootte en functie
• Metaplasia = verandering in celdifferentiatie
• Intracellulaire accumulatie en opslag van producten in abnormale hoeveelheden.




Hyperplasia
- Een stijging in het aantal cellen in een orgaan of weefsel, wat het volume dus
vergroot heeft.
- Neoplasia of tumor is een pathologische hyperplasia.

Wat is kanker?
• Tumor/neaplasia (nieuwe groei)
• Malignant, malignant tumour = kanker (snel groeiend) Cellen groeien door basale
laag en verspreiden zich dus over anderen delen van je lichaam → metastaseren
• Benign, benign tumor is geen kanker (groeit langzaam)
• Adenoom = goedaardige tumor

,Kanker is een groep van ziektes
- Meer dan 100 typen
- Overleving hangt van type

,

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