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CARDIOLOGY USMLE STEP 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS

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CARDIOLOGY USMLE STEP 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS

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tachyphylaxis


Give this one a try later!


from alpha agonists (phenylephrine, -zolines...used for DECONGESTANTS)
push NE and initiate NEG FEEDBACK TO NERVE TERMINALS --> RESULTS
IN VASODILATION, BLEEDS

tx: stop using drug




UmbiLical arteries gives rise to ?


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MediaL umbilical ligaments

,tx for LDL, TG, HDL issues


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ALWAYS DO DIET AND EXERCISE FIRST, IF THAT FAILS THEN:

high LDL:
1st: statin
2nd: ezemtimibe


high TG:
1st: fibrate
2nd: niacin

low HDL:
niacin




abciximab


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monoclonal Ab against IIb/IIIa-R
inhibits platelet aggregation
for PCI




resistance, pressure, flow


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, P = QxR

R ~ (viscosity x length)/radius^4


ARTERIOLES account for most of the TPR, regulate capillary flow

resistance of vessels in series= R1 + R2
1/total resistance in parallel=1/R1 + 1/R2
...remember that if youre adding 1/Rn then you have to flip sum to get
Rtotal


viscosity ~ hematocrit
incr viscosity in POLYCYTHEMIA, HYPERPROTEIN
(MM), HEREDITARY SPHEROCYTOSIS




endocardial cushion defects


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results in atrio-ventricular septum defects
L-R shunt
acyanotic
can reverse via eisenmengers




nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis


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, "marantic" endocarditis
PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROME
STERILE VEGITATIONS FROM MUCIN PRODUCING GI TUMORS


can embolize




Kawasaki's dz


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necrotizing vasculitis in infants/children
especially ASIANs


ssx: STRAWBERRY TONGUE, conjunctivitis, lymphadenitis, desquamative
skin rash

tx: IV Ig, aspirin




pANCA (+) vasculitides


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pANCA (perinuclear, cytoplasmic) --> MPO

microscopic polyangitis - like wegners
(hemoptysis, hematuria, SOB)
but NO GRANULOMAS
*MAIN ARTERITIS ASSOCIATED WITH
MEDICATIONS - PENICILLIN*

primary pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis:
vasculitis ONLY IN KIDNEYS
Ab titers are low

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