2025/2026 NR 602 Midterm Exam
200 Questions And Answers Exams
of Nursing
1. What is the best antibiotic therapy to use for human
bites?
Answer: Amoxicillin for 7 to 10 days, or alternative cephalexin
or clindamycin.
Rationale: Human bites contain a polymicrobial mix of aerobic
and anaerobic organisms, including Eikenella corrodens.
Amoxicillin provides good coverage. For penicillin-allergic
patients, cephalexin or clindamycin are appropriate alternatives.
2. What is the best antibiotic to use for animal bites?
Answer: Amoxicillin-clavulanate for 7 to 10 days.
Rationale: Animal bites (especially dog and cat) are commonly
infected with Pasteurella multocida, along with staphylococci
and anaerobes. Amoxicillin-clavulanate covers beta-lactamase-
producing organisms. Alternatives include cefuroxime,
fluoroquinolones, or TMP-SMX plus clindamycin.
3. Antibiotics used for plantar wounds:
Answer: Ciprofloxacin for 7 to 20 days. Consult infectious
disease if IV therapy is needed.
Rationale: Plantar puncture wounds are often contaminated
with Pseudomonas aeruginosa from soil or shoes. Ciprofloxacin
provides excellent pseudomonal coverage. IV therapy may be
required for deep or severe infections.
,4. What should the nurse practitioner do for ingrown
toenail?
Answer: Place cotton underneath the nail edge, educate
patient to repack daily, warm Epsom salt soaks, proper
footwear, keep toe clean and dry. Refer to podiatry for
recurrent cases.
Rationale: Cotton wicking elevates the nail edge to reduce
pressure on the lateral nail fold. Soaks reduce inflammation.
These conservative measures often resolve mild cases without
surgery.
5. What is the most common cause of diarrhea globally?
Answer: Rotavirus.
Rationale: Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrheal
disease worldwide in children under 5, responsible for hundreds
of thousands of deaths annually, particularly in developing
countries.
6. What are most peritonsillar abscesses caused by?
Answer: Streptococcus and Fusobacterium.
Rationale: Peritonsillar abscesses are typically polymicrobial,
with Group A Streptococcus and Fusobacterium necrophorum
being the most frequently isolated organisms.
7. What antibiotics are good for peritonsillar abscesses?
Answer: Penicillin and clindamycin.
Rationale: Penicillin covers Streptococcus, while clindamycin
provides anaerobic coverage for Fusobacterium and also covers
penicillin-resistant strains.
8. What is scarlet fever?
Answer: A diffuse erythematous eruption associated with
pharyngitis, caused by erythrogenic exotoxin from
Streptococcus pyogenes. Features include abrupt onset, sore
,throat, fever up to 104°F, inflamed pharynx, strawberry tongue,
and sandpaper-like rash.
Rationale: The exotoxin produced by lysogenized strains of
GABHS causes the characteristic rash and systemic symptoms.
9. What is asthma step 1?
Answer: SABA PRN (short-acting beta-agonist as needed).
Rationale: Step 1 is for intermittent asthma. Patients have
symptoms less than twice per week and no daily controller
medication is needed.
10. What is asthma step 2?
Answer: Low-dose ICS (inhaled corticosteroid).
Rationale: Step 2 is for mild persistent asthma. Low-dose ICS is
the preferred controller to reduce airway inflammation.
11. What is the daily dose of ICS for mild persistent
asthma?
Answer: 1-2 puffs twice daily of low-dose ICS. Alternatives:
cromolyn or leukotriene receptor antagonist.
Rationale: Low-dose ICS is the most effective anti-
inflammatory therapy. Cromolyn and leukotriene modifiers are
less effective alternatives.
12. What is asthma step 3?
Answer: Low-dose ICS/LABA (long-acting beta-agonist) or
medium-dose ICS.
Rationale: Step 3 is for moderate persistent asthma. Adding
LABA to ICS provides better bronchodilation than increasing ICS
alone.
13. What is asthma step 4?
Answer: Medium-dose ICS/LABA.
, Rationale: If symptoms are not controlled on step 3, medium-
dose ICS with LABA is the next escalation.
14. What is asthma step 5?
Answer: High-dose ICS/LABA.
Rationale: For severe persistent asthma that remains
uncontrolled, high-dose ICS with LABA is indicated.
15. What is asthma step 6?
Answer: High-dose ICS/LABA plus oral corticosteroids.
Rationale: The highest step for the most severe, difficult-to-
control asthma requiring systemic steroids.
16. What education would be provided to a parent of a
child using spirometry regarding normal levels?
Answer: Anything greater than 75% is considered normal.
Rationale: In pediatric spirometry, FEV1 values above 75% of
predicted are considered within normal range.
17. What is the range for mild obstruction on a spirometry?
Answer: 60 to 75%.
Rationale: FEV1 between 60-75% of predicted indicates mild
airway obstruction.
18. What is considered moderate obstruction on a
spirometry?
Answer: 50 to 59%.
Rationale: FEV1 50-59% indicates moderate obstruction,
requiring treatment adjustment.
19. What is considered severe obstruction on a spirometry?
Answer: Less than 49%.
Rationale: FEV1 below 49% indicates severe obstruction and
requires urgent intervention.
200 Questions And Answers Exams
of Nursing
1. What is the best antibiotic therapy to use for human
bites?
Answer: Amoxicillin for 7 to 10 days, or alternative cephalexin
or clindamycin.
Rationale: Human bites contain a polymicrobial mix of aerobic
and anaerobic organisms, including Eikenella corrodens.
Amoxicillin provides good coverage. For penicillin-allergic
patients, cephalexin or clindamycin are appropriate alternatives.
2. What is the best antibiotic to use for animal bites?
Answer: Amoxicillin-clavulanate for 7 to 10 days.
Rationale: Animal bites (especially dog and cat) are commonly
infected with Pasteurella multocida, along with staphylococci
and anaerobes. Amoxicillin-clavulanate covers beta-lactamase-
producing organisms. Alternatives include cefuroxime,
fluoroquinolones, or TMP-SMX plus clindamycin.
3. Antibiotics used for plantar wounds:
Answer: Ciprofloxacin for 7 to 20 days. Consult infectious
disease if IV therapy is needed.
Rationale: Plantar puncture wounds are often contaminated
with Pseudomonas aeruginosa from soil or shoes. Ciprofloxacin
provides excellent pseudomonal coverage. IV therapy may be
required for deep or severe infections.
,4. What should the nurse practitioner do for ingrown
toenail?
Answer: Place cotton underneath the nail edge, educate
patient to repack daily, warm Epsom salt soaks, proper
footwear, keep toe clean and dry. Refer to podiatry for
recurrent cases.
Rationale: Cotton wicking elevates the nail edge to reduce
pressure on the lateral nail fold. Soaks reduce inflammation.
These conservative measures often resolve mild cases without
surgery.
5. What is the most common cause of diarrhea globally?
Answer: Rotavirus.
Rationale: Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrheal
disease worldwide in children under 5, responsible for hundreds
of thousands of deaths annually, particularly in developing
countries.
6. What are most peritonsillar abscesses caused by?
Answer: Streptococcus and Fusobacterium.
Rationale: Peritonsillar abscesses are typically polymicrobial,
with Group A Streptococcus and Fusobacterium necrophorum
being the most frequently isolated organisms.
7. What antibiotics are good for peritonsillar abscesses?
Answer: Penicillin and clindamycin.
Rationale: Penicillin covers Streptococcus, while clindamycin
provides anaerobic coverage for Fusobacterium and also covers
penicillin-resistant strains.
8. What is scarlet fever?
Answer: A diffuse erythematous eruption associated with
pharyngitis, caused by erythrogenic exotoxin from
Streptococcus pyogenes. Features include abrupt onset, sore
,throat, fever up to 104°F, inflamed pharynx, strawberry tongue,
and sandpaper-like rash.
Rationale: The exotoxin produced by lysogenized strains of
GABHS causes the characteristic rash and systemic symptoms.
9. What is asthma step 1?
Answer: SABA PRN (short-acting beta-agonist as needed).
Rationale: Step 1 is for intermittent asthma. Patients have
symptoms less than twice per week and no daily controller
medication is needed.
10. What is asthma step 2?
Answer: Low-dose ICS (inhaled corticosteroid).
Rationale: Step 2 is for mild persistent asthma. Low-dose ICS is
the preferred controller to reduce airway inflammation.
11. What is the daily dose of ICS for mild persistent
asthma?
Answer: 1-2 puffs twice daily of low-dose ICS. Alternatives:
cromolyn or leukotriene receptor antagonist.
Rationale: Low-dose ICS is the most effective anti-
inflammatory therapy. Cromolyn and leukotriene modifiers are
less effective alternatives.
12. What is asthma step 3?
Answer: Low-dose ICS/LABA (long-acting beta-agonist) or
medium-dose ICS.
Rationale: Step 3 is for moderate persistent asthma. Adding
LABA to ICS provides better bronchodilation than increasing ICS
alone.
13. What is asthma step 4?
Answer: Medium-dose ICS/LABA.
, Rationale: If symptoms are not controlled on step 3, medium-
dose ICS with LABA is the next escalation.
14. What is asthma step 5?
Answer: High-dose ICS/LABA.
Rationale: For severe persistent asthma that remains
uncontrolled, high-dose ICS with LABA is indicated.
15. What is asthma step 6?
Answer: High-dose ICS/LABA plus oral corticosteroids.
Rationale: The highest step for the most severe, difficult-to-
control asthma requiring systemic steroids.
16. What education would be provided to a parent of a
child using spirometry regarding normal levels?
Answer: Anything greater than 75% is considered normal.
Rationale: In pediatric spirometry, FEV1 values above 75% of
predicted are considered within normal range.
17. What is the range for mild obstruction on a spirometry?
Answer: 60 to 75%.
Rationale: FEV1 between 60-75% of predicted indicates mild
airway obstruction.
18. What is considered moderate obstruction on a
spirometry?
Answer: 50 to 59%.
Rationale: FEV1 50-59% indicates moderate obstruction,
requiring treatment adjustment.
19. What is considered severe obstruction on a spirometry?
Answer: Less than 49%.
Rationale: FEV1 below 49% indicates severe obstruction and
requires urgent intervention.
