ESS 101 MIDTERM 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Interest=in=alternative=energy=and=mineral=sources=may=involve=-=ans-✔✔-
=producing=unconventional=resources
=-=mining=lower=concentration=deposits
=-=recovering=resources=from=waste=and=recycling=streams
=-=sourcing=from=countries=with=different=political=and/
or=environmental=stewardship=philosophies
.Which=of=the=following=are=not=goals=of=the=USGS
=-=Understand=fundamental=Earth=processes=that=form=energy=and=mineral=resources
=-=Provide=inventories=and=assessments=of=energy=and=mineral=resources
=-
=Understand=the=effects=of=energy=and=mineral=development=on=natural=resources=an
d=society
=-=Set=governmental=policy=on=offshore=drilling=in=the=U.S.
=-=Understand=the=reliability=and=availability=of=energy=and=mineral=supplies=-=ans-
✔✔Set=governmental=policy=on=offshore=drilling=in=the=U.S.
The=following=mineral=is=used=to=filter=drinking=water:
=-=Cadmium
=-=Diatomite
=-=Kaolin
=-=Tantalum
=-=Zinc=-=ans-✔✔diatomite
what=are=the=three=types=of=Magma/lava=-=ans-✔✔mafic-basalt,=intermediate-
andesite,=felsic-granite
Why=does=granitic=composition=magma=rarely=make=it=to=the=surface?=-=ans-
✔✔Granitic=magma=is=a=wet=melt=and=the=melting=temp=increases=with=decreasing=pr
essure=so=that=is=solidifies=as=is=rises=to=the=surface,=as=pressure=decrease
what=happens=to=dry=basaltic=magma=as=it=rises?=-=ans-
✔✔it=further=melts=as=it=rises=to=the=surface
, where=do=shield=volcanoes=form?=-=ans-✔✔oceanic=hot=spots
where=do=strato=volcanoes=form=-=ans-✔✔subduction=zones
pyroclastic=volcanoes=are=-=ans-
✔✔cinder=cones=related=to=small=vents=and=presence=of=ground=water
fissure=eruptions=form=-=ans-✔✔plateau=basalts
eruptions=under=water=form=-=ans-✔✔pillow=basalts
plutons=form=when=-=ans-✔✔magma=body=crystallizes=underground
Large=pluton=examples=-=ans-✔✔batholith,=stock,=laccolith=and=lopolith
batholith=-=ans-✔✔a=very=large=igneous=intrusion=extending=deep=in=the=earth's=crust.
stock=-=ans-
✔✔igneous=intrusion=that=has=surface=exposure=less=than=100=kilometers.=smaller=tha
n=batholiths.
laccolith=-=ans-✔✔a=mass=of=igneous=rock,=typically=lens-
shaped,=that=has=been=intruded=between=rock=strata=causing=uplift=in=the=shape=of=a=
dome.
lopolith=-=ans-
✔✔a=large,=lenticular,=centrally=sunken=mass=of=igneous=rock=whose=surfaces=are=co
ncordant=with=the=enclosing=rocks
small=pluton=examples=-=ans-✔✔dikes,=sills=and=necks
dike=-=ans-
✔✔A=slab=of=volcanic=rock=formed=when=magma=forces=itself=across=rock=layers
sill=-=ans-
✔✔a=slab=of=volcanic=rock=formed=when=magma=squeezes=between=layers=of=sedime
ntary=rock
neck=-=ans-
✔✔volcanic=plug=created=when=magma=hardens=in=a=vent=or=active=volcano
volcanic=hazards=-=ans-✔✔Effusive=eruptions=such=as=Iceland=and=Hawaii
Phreatic=eruptions=such=as=subduction=zone,=St.=Pierre,=and=Pompeii
pyroclastic=eruptions=
lahars
ANSWERS
Interest=in=alternative=energy=and=mineral=sources=may=involve=-=ans-✔✔-
=producing=unconventional=resources
=-=mining=lower=concentration=deposits
=-=recovering=resources=from=waste=and=recycling=streams
=-=sourcing=from=countries=with=different=political=and/
or=environmental=stewardship=philosophies
.Which=of=the=following=are=not=goals=of=the=USGS
=-=Understand=fundamental=Earth=processes=that=form=energy=and=mineral=resources
=-=Provide=inventories=and=assessments=of=energy=and=mineral=resources
=-
=Understand=the=effects=of=energy=and=mineral=development=on=natural=resources=an
d=society
=-=Set=governmental=policy=on=offshore=drilling=in=the=U.S.
=-=Understand=the=reliability=and=availability=of=energy=and=mineral=supplies=-=ans-
✔✔Set=governmental=policy=on=offshore=drilling=in=the=U.S.
The=following=mineral=is=used=to=filter=drinking=water:
=-=Cadmium
=-=Diatomite
=-=Kaolin
=-=Tantalum
=-=Zinc=-=ans-✔✔diatomite
what=are=the=three=types=of=Magma/lava=-=ans-✔✔mafic-basalt,=intermediate-
andesite,=felsic-granite
Why=does=granitic=composition=magma=rarely=make=it=to=the=surface?=-=ans-
✔✔Granitic=magma=is=a=wet=melt=and=the=melting=temp=increases=with=decreasing=pr
essure=so=that=is=solidifies=as=is=rises=to=the=surface,=as=pressure=decrease
what=happens=to=dry=basaltic=magma=as=it=rises?=-=ans-
✔✔it=further=melts=as=it=rises=to=the=surface
, where=do=shield=volcanoes=form?=-=ans-✔✔oceanic=hot=spots
where=do=strato=volcanoes=form=-=ans-✔✔subduction=zones
pyroclastic=volcanoes=are=-=ans-
✔✔cinder=cones=related=to=small=vents=and=presence=of=ground=water
fissure=eruptions=form=-=ans-✔✔plateau=basalts
eruptions=under=water=form=-=ans-✔✔pillow=basalts
plutons=form=when=-=ans-✔✔magma=body=crystallizes=underground
Large=pluton=examples=-=ans-✔✔batholith,=stock,=laccolith=and=lopolith
batholith=-=ans-✔✔a=very=large=igneous=intrusion=extending=deep=in=the=earth's=crust.
stock=-=ans-
✔✔igneous=intrusion=that=has=surface=exposure=less=than=100=kilometers.=smaller=tha
n=batholiths.
laccolith=-=ans-✔✔a=mass=of=igneous=rock,=typically=lens-
shaped,=that=has=been=intruded=between=rock=strata=causing=uplift=in=the=shape=of=a=
dome.
lopolith=-=ans-
✔✔a=large,=lenticular,=centrally=sunken=mass=of=igneous=rock=whose=surfaces=are=co
ncordant=with=the=enclosing=rocks
small=pluton=examples=-=ans-✔✔dikes,=sills=and=necks
dike=-=ans-
✔✔A=slab=of=volcanic=rock=formed=when=magma=forces=itself=across=rock=layers
sill=-=ans-
✔✔a=slab=of=volcanic=rock=formed=when=magma=squeezes=between=layers=of=sedime
ntary=rock
neck=-=ans-
✔✔volcanic=plug=created=when=magma=hardens=in=a=vent=or=active=volcano
volcanic=hazards=-=ans-✔✔Effusive=eruptions=such=as=Iceland=and=Hawaii
Phreatic=eruptions=such=as=subduction=zone,=St.=Pierre,=and=Pompeii
pyroclastic=eruptions=
lahars
