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Schedule I
highest potential for abuse: Heroin, LSD, marijuana (federal),
ectasy, peyote
Schedule II
High abuse potential; accepted medical use; severe
dependence risk; no refills and require hand written or
electronic prescription (no phone call orders) - Morphine,
Oxycodone, fentanyl, Adderall, Ritalin, cocaine (topical)
Schedule III
Moderate abuse potential; up to 5 refills in 6 months. Tylenol
with codeine, buprenorphine, anabolic steroids, ketamine.
,Controlled substance
Has abuse potential; regulated by DEA under Controlled
Substances Act. Schedule II-V drugs
Hypothyroidism
High TSH, low T3 and T4 (pituitary is working harder to stimulate a
failing thyroid)
Hyperthyroidism
Low TSH, high T3 and T4 (pituitary is supressed by excess
thyroid hormone)
HbA1C
<5.7% Reflects average blood glucose over past 2-3 months
,Fasting glucose
70-99 mg/dL
PT/INR
Measures extrinsic coagulation pathway, monitors warfarin
therapy. PT: 11-13 sec, INR: 0.8-1.2 (2-3 on warfarin)
aPTT
Measures intrinsic coagulation pathway; monitors heparin therapy.
25-35 sec.
LDL (low density lipoprotein)
bad cholesterol, <100 mg/dL
HDL (High Density Lipoprotein)
good cholesterol, >60 mg/dL (<40 increased cardiovascular risk)
Specific gravity
1.001-1.030
, Hematocrit
percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells. M: 41-
53%, F: 36-46%
Westgard Rules
Warning rule (12s): one control exceeds
+-2 SD. Rejection rule:
(13s): one control exceeds +-3 SD, reject and investigate
(22s): Two consecutive controls exceed same +-2 SD,
systematic error (R4s): One control exceeds +2 SD and
another exceeds -2 SD, random error
Quality Control (QC)
QC must be run before pt samples test, if failed no pt results
reported until problem is identified and corrected.