C HAPTER 4: T HEORETICAL F OUNDATIONS
OF N URSING P RACTICE
Fundamentals of Nursing 10th Edition; Potter Perry
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. While the nurse realizes that the definition of health is unique to the
client, the most universal factor is that health is:
A. Dynamic and ever -changing
B. Affected and managed by the nurse
C. Determined by internal and external forces
D. Perceived and defined by the individual
ANS: A
Health has different meanings for each client, the clinical setting, and
the health care profession (see Chapter 6). Health is dynamic and
continuousl y changi ng. Your challenge is to provide the best possible
care based on the clients level of health and health care needs at the
time of care delivery.
While the other options may be true, they are not universall y true to all
individuals because not everyone is i nvolved in a nurse -client
relationship, wellness can be affected by internal factors, external
factors, or a combination of both, and not everyone is capable of
perceiving and defining their own wellness.
, DIF: C REF: 45 OBJ: Anal ysis TOP: Nursing Process :
Assessment MSC: NC LEX test plan designation: Health
Promotion and Maintenance
2. Which of the following statements by the nurse best defines nursing
diagnoses for a client?
A. It is the basis for a clients care plan.
B. It is what we nurses use to plan your car e.
C. It is one of a set of standardized client oriented problems.
D. It is the way nurses identify what specific needs a client has.
ANS: D
In medicine, physicians diagnose and treat disease. In contrast, nursing
is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential
health problems (ANA, 2003). The scope of nursing is broad. For
example, a nurse does not medicall y diagnose the clients heart
condition but instead assesses the clients response to the disease and
may develop nursing diagn oses of fatigue, change in body image, and
altered coping. From these nursing diagnoses, the nurse creates an
individualized plan of care for each of the clients health problems.
Although the other statements are correct, they are not the best options
available because they do not full y explain the function of a nursing
diagnosis.
DIF: C REF: 45 OBJ: Anal ysis TOP: Nursing Process:
Planning MSC: NC LEX test plan designation: Health
Promotion and Maintenance
, 3. The nurse is caring for a client newl y diagnosed with t ype 2 diabetes
mellitus. Which of the following nursing interventions best reflects Orems
nursing theory?
A. Arranging for a consult with a certified diabetic nurse educator
B. Demonstrating proper documentation of glucose testing results
C. Explaining the role of A1C values in the management of glucose
levels
D. Preparing discharge teaching to reinforce proper finger -stick
technique
ANS: D
If a nurse uses Orems theory in practice, the nurse assesses and
interprets the data to determine the clients self -care needs, self-care
deficits, and self -care abilities in the management of a disease. The
theory then guides the design of individualized nursing interventions.
While the other interventions are appropriate and will ultimatel y affect
effective client self -care/ management of the diabetes, they are not the
correct option because they are not directly involved in determining
client self-care needs.
DIF: C REF: 50 OBJ: Anal ysis TOP: Nursing Process:
Planning MSC: NC LEX test plan designation: Health
Promotion and Maintenance
4. Swansons theory of caring is best demonstrated when the nurse:
A. Demonstrates efficiency when performing ordered treatments
B. Offers to stay with the client during a painful bedside procedure
C. Administers the clients pain medication promptl y when requested
OF N URSING P RACTICE
Fundamentals of Nursing 10th Edition; Potter Perry
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. While the nurse realizes that the definition of health is unique to the
client, the most universal factor is that health is:
A. Dynamic and ever -changing
B. Affected and managed by the nurse
C. Determined by internal and external forces
D. Perceived and defined by the individual
ANS: A
Health has different meanings for each client, the clinical setting, and
the health care profession (see Chapter 6). Health is dynamic and
continuousl y changi ng. Your challenge is to provide the best possible
care based on the clients level of health and health care needs at the
time of care delivery.
While the other options may be true, they are not universall y true to all
individuals because not everyone is i nvolved in a nurse -client
relationship, wellness can be affected by internal factors, external
factors, or a combination of both, and not everyone is capable of
perceiving and defining their own wellness.
, DIF: C REF: 45 OBJ: Anal ysis TOP: Nursing Process :
Assessment MSC: NC LEX test plan designation: Health
Promotion and Maintenance
2. Which of the following statements by the nurse best defines nursing
diagnoses for a client?
A. It is the basis for a clients care plan.
B. It is what we nurses use to plan your car e.
C. It is one of a set of standardized client oriented problems.
D. It is the way nurses identify what specific needs a client has.
ANS: D
In medicine, physicians diagnose and treat disease. In contrast, nursing
is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential
health problems (ANA, 2003). The scope of nursing is broad. For
example, a nurse does not medicall y diagnose the clients heart
condition but instead assesses the clients response to the disease and
may develop nursing diagn oses of fatigue, change in body image, and
altered coping. From these nursing diagnoses, the nurse creates an
individualized plan of care for each of the clients health problems.
Although the other statements are correct, they are not the best options
available because they do not full y explain the function of a nursing
diagnosis.
DIF: C REF: 45 OBJ: Anal ysis TOP: Nursing Process:
Planning MSC: NC LEX test plan designation: Health
Promotion and Maintenance
, 3. The nurse is caring for a client newl y diagnosed with t ype 2 diabetes
mellitus. Which of the following nursing interventions best reflects Orems
nursing theory?
A. Arranging for a consult with a certified diabetic nurse educator
B. Demonstrating proper documentation of glucose testing results
C. Explaining the role of A1C values in the management of glucose
levels
D. Preparing discharge teaching to reinforce proper finger -stick
technique
ANS: D
If a nurse uses Orems theory in practice, the nurse assesses and
interprets the data to determine the clients self -care needs, self-care
deficits, and self -care abilities in the management of a disease. The
theory then guides the design of individualized nursing interventions.
While the other interventions are appropriate and will ultimatel y affect
effective client self -care/ management of the diabetes, they are not the
correct option because they are not directly involved in determining
client self-care needs.
DIF: C REF: 50 OBJ: Anal ysis TOP: Nursing Process:
Planning MSC: NC LEX test plan designation: Health
Promotion and Maintenance
4. Swansons theory of caring is best demonstrated when the nurse:
A. Demonstrates efficiency when performing ordered treatments
B. Offers to stay with the client during a painful bedside procedure
C. Administers the clients pain medication promptl y when requested
