NR503 Exam 2 Actual Exam Style V3 | NR
503 Population Health, Epidemiology &
Statistical Principles | Chamberlain
1. A researcher is studying the relationship between lung cancer and smoking by comparing a
group of patients who have lung cancer with a group of patients who do not. Which study
design is being utilized?
A. Cohort Study
B. Case-Control Study
C. Cross-sectional Study
D. Randomized Controlled Trial
Answer: B
Rationale: A case-control study starts with an outcome and looks backward to identify
exposures. In this scenario, the researcher identifies ‘cases’ with lung cancer and ‘controls’
without it to compare history. This design is efficient for studying rare diseases or
conditions with long latency periods.
2. Which measure of validity represents the ability of a screening test to correctly identify
those who actually have the disease?
A. Specificity
B. Sensitivity
,C. Positive Predictive Value
D. Reliability
Answer: B
Rationale: Sensitivity is the proportion of people with a disease who test positive. It is
calculated by dividing true positives by the sum of true positives and false negatives. A
highly sensitive test is useful for screening because it minimizes the number of missed
cases.
3. In a study following 1,000 healthy individuals over 10 years to see who develops
hypertension, what is the primary measure of disease frequency being calculated?
A. Prevalence
B. Incidence
C. Mortality Rate
D. Case Fatality Rate
Answer: B
Rationale: Incidence refers to the number of new cases of a disease occurring in a specific
population over a period of time. Because the study starts with healthy individuals and
follows them for new occurrences, it is measuring incidence. Prevalence, by contrast,
measures all existing cases at a single point in time.
, 4. An Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) is reviewing a study where the Relative Risk (RR) is 2.5.
How should this result be interpreted?
A. The exposure is a protective factor against the disease.
B. There is no association between exposure and disease.
C. The disease is 2.5 times more prevalent in the general population.
D. The exposed group is 2.5 times more likely to develop the disease than the unexposed
group.
Answer: D
Rationale: A Relative Risk (RR) greater than 1.0 indicates an increased risk among the
exposed group. An RR of 2.5 specifically means the risk is two and a half times higher in the
exposed group compared to the non-exposed group. If the RR were less than 1.0, it would
suggest the exposure was protective.
5. Which level of prevention is represented by an APN providing immunization to a child?
A. Quaternary Prevention
B. Secondary Prevention
C. Tertiary Prevention
D. Primary Prevention
Answer: D
503 Population Health, Epidemiology &
Statistical Principles | Chamberlain
1. A researcher is studying the relationship between lung cancer and smoking by comparing a
group of patients who have lung cancer with a group of patients who do not. Which study
design is being utilized?
A. Cohort Study
B. Case-Control Study
C. Cross-sectional Study
D. Randomized Controlled Trial
Answer: B
Rationale: A case-control study starts with an outcome and looks backward to identify
exposures. In this scenario, the researcher identifies ‘cases’ with lung cancer and ‘controls’
without it to compare history. This design is efficient for studying rare diseases or
conditions with long latency periods.
2. Which measure of validity represents the ability of a screening test to correctly identify
those who actually have the disease?
A. Specificity
B. Sensitivity
,C. Positive Predictive Value
D. Reliability
Answer: B
Rationale: Sensitivity is the proportion of people with a disease who test positive. It is
calculated by dividing true positives by the sum of true positives and false negatives. A
highly sensitive test is useful for screening because it minimizes the number of missed
cases.
3. In a study following 1,000 healthy individuals over 10 years to see who develops
hypertension, what is the primary measure of disease frequency being calculated?
A. Prevalence
B. Incidence
C. Mortality Rate
D. Case Fatality Rate
Answer: B
Rationale: Incidence refers to the number of new cases of a disease occurring in a specific
population over a period of time. Because the study starts with healthy individuals and
follows them for new occurrences, it is measuring incidence. Prevalence, by contrast,
measures all existing cases at a single point in time.
, 4. An Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) is reviewing a study where the Relative Risk (RR) is 2.5.
How should this result be interpreted?
A. The exposure is a protective factor against the disease.
B. There is no association between exposure and disease.
C. The disease is 2.5 times more prevalent in the general population.
D. The exposed group is 2.5 times more likely to develop the disease than the unexposed
group.
Answer: D
Rationale: A Relative Risk (RR) greater than 1.0 indicates an increased risk among the
exposed group. An RR of 2.5 specifically means the risk is two and a half times higher in the
exposed group compared to the non-exposed group. If the RR were less than 1.0, it would
suggest the exposure was protective.
5. Which level of prevention is represented by an APN providing immunization to a child?
A. Quaternary Prevention
B. Secondary Prevention
C. Tertiary Prevention
D. Primary Prevention
Answer: D
