Movement Causes Key words Chronology of events Reason for success OR / AND Reason Outcome?
Span for failure
Radical reformers French Revolution 1789 - 99 Thomas Paine Common Sense, Paine - 1776 Inconsistent support Nothing really
Trade fluctuations, m-class hostility (joined
1780 - 1820 Socio economic - Industrial revolution Corresponding Rights of Man, Paine - 1791 the peterloo cavalry), factory workers Just lots of splinter
(rotten boroughs, restricted franchise, £, Societies Sheffield C Society - Dec 1791 weren’t as discontented) movements
no secret ballot, all corrupt practices)
THINK = spies / T Hardy London C Society (Hardy) - 1792 Intra-movement weakness An industrialised
corresponding Political - old corruption (mechanisation, (London CS) National Convention, Edinb - Dec 1792 Cobbett / Place / Hunt = big egos, society
societies / Spa, industrialisation, threshing machine, big divisions over m & w-class aims, tactics &
Pent, Peterloo / factories - cotton, class conflict - w-class T spence (pigs More conventions - 1793 objectives Starting point for the
Hampden Clubs, grinding away, farm workers threatened) meat) Pigs Meat periodical, Spence - 1793 Govt suppression Chartists
Cobbett, Spence & Loyalist backlash (crown & anchor
Paine End of napoleonic wars - 1815 W Cobbett Pitt’s Reign of Terror 1894 - 95 associations)
(PR)
Wartime - (Luddies, mechanisation Political register, Cobbett - 1802 Pitt’s Reign of Terror 1794 - 1795 - TPA /
Basically - every replaced workers) Hampden SMA / NPA / suspended HC / stamp duty
essay’s Post-war - (labour surplus + bad clubs Lord Liverpool’s policy 1812 - 27
paragraphs are: harvests) Hamden Clubs - 1812 Lord Liverpool’s policy 1812-27
Lord Liverpool’s policy 1812 - 27 - Class conflict Gagging Acts 1817
(corn laws / abolition of income tax) Popular End of the Napoleonic wars 1815 Six Acts 1819
Power of the state radicalism Spencean Philanthropist party - 1816
Radical press - Cobbett / Hampden Division Spa Fields (x1) - 15th Nov 1816 (Hunt yaps, Prince Opposition
Radical literature / clubs 1812 / Henry Hunt Ostracised refuses to see petition) - Edmund BuRke
leaders Silenced
Stifling of Spa Fields (x2) - 2nd Dec 1816 (10k+, Spenceans loot
Divisions power the Tower, riot BUT the majority were peaceful, Price’s
carriage was attacked)
Lack of Gagging Acts - 1817 (TA / SMA)
widespread
support Pentridge Rising - 9 - 10th June 1817 (Oliver govt
spy, 200 march to Nottingham, hanged & beheaded)
Hampden Club Convention, 1817 - attempt to
cooperate, failed (class conflict)
St Peter’s Fields Meeting - 16th Aug 1819 (peaceful,
100k, THEN = govt shows up = Peterloo massacre, 11
dead & over 500 injured)
Six Acts 1819
, Chartists Political - (G Reform Act 1832, Grey Betrayal Great Reform Act 1832 LEADERSHIP Again - nothing?
wants to reform to preserve, Days of LOL
1838 - 1850 May -> disillusionment when it was GNU Poor Man’s Guardian, Henry Hetherington - 1831 Lovett - knowledge chartism, rejected
piecemeal, ALSO - taste of activity = BPU Factory act 1833 force Um - 3 failed
charter) LWMA New poor law 1834 petitions
Whigs lower newspaper tax - 1836 O’Connor - dictatorial control,
THINK = 1832 Act, Economic - (GNCTU 1834, strikes = O’Connor LWMA - Lovett (w-class, peaceful, moral) - 1836 ARROGANT = blind to see that the Issues sort of
People’s Charter, disbanded, Glasgow UWS 1837 = flop, O’Brien People’s Charter 1836 - 38 (LWMA + BPU + BNU) petitions were just not working!! devolved into
Poor Law, growing angst - needed a unified, H Hetherington Severe trade depression - 1837 - 1842 Opposition to centralisation from others, separate orgs -
railways, electric credible movement to stop being BPU - Attwood (w-class, more radical political agenda) - REJECTED class cooperation = sought political
telegraph, exploited by the Whig govt, Lovett = Hunger politics (revived in 1837) w-class POWER!! Land Plan 1845 - flop organisations &
O’Connor, Lovett draws the link, 1837 - 42 economic Knife and fork, Northern star newspaper, O’C - 1837 then unions
agitation = knife & fork) bread and National Convention - proof they just
cheese Anti P-L Campaigns 1837 - 38 would never cooperate State got stronger
Social - 10hr movement, bad factory question GNU - O’Connor (w-class, fiery rhetoric, support from
conditions & laws (factory act 1833, new unskilled workers) - 1838 REASONS FOR COLLAPSE Exposed class
poor law 1834 & the anti P-L campaigns Belief Birmingham mass meeting - 1838 (3 leaders did not divisions & pent up
1837 - 38 parliament want a London leadership) State suppression - Met Police Act 1829 anger at the GRA
wouldn’t (uniformed force) // Rural P Act 1839 1832 (m-classes
Radical press - ‘war of the unstamped’ legislate in National Convention & collapse (1st) - Feb 1839 (money given to create local forces) enfranchised, but
post six acts = decline, P-M Guardian, w-class met + petition rejected in July 1839 (rejected with working people
O’Brien, 1836 tax on newspaper halved interests 1.3m+ sigs = division, couldn’t agree over plans if it was New technology -(no wars = full energy), were STILL
= 1d, northern star - O’C 1837) unless working rejected, arrests) electric telegraph, railways) excluded)
people were Attwood quits - 1839
enfranchised Major General Napier - (4k troops in
many counties, largest division - 2.8k,
Met Police Act - 1839 calculated - avoiding another Peterloo)
Heart of Bull Ring Riots - July 1839 (2 weeks of rioting, petition
chartism rejected) REASONS FOR FLUCTUATING
ripped out Newport rising - 4th Nov 1839 (SW to Newport, 100k SUPPORT
m & i, 22 killed, sentenced, etc)
Undermined NCA - 1840 (O’C’s new org) Regional challenges - Northern areas,
message Lovett’s knowledge chartism org - 1840 (education, regional industrial changes, Irish
Class conflict proof of respectability) opposition, London was too economically
pragmatic diverse to resonate, // women = sexism //
Peel liberalised the state (MA / FA / P-L A / repeal class conflict - m-class - fearful &
corn laws) - 1841 - 46 displaced the GRA 1832 on them (m-class
were enfranchised) // unions - shift
2nd petition (NCA) - May 1842 (3m, largest ever, fail) GTTPS + MAGBI + NAUT // economic
The plug strikes - August 1842 (6k troops, strikes in revival - Peel liberalised the state (MA /
the Midlands & North, Napier quickly managed) FA / P-L A / repeal corn laws)
ECONOMIC REVIVAL - 1843 - 44
NAUT - 1845 (big union)
3nd petition (NCA) Kennington Common - April 10th
1848 (RAIN, 25k/200k, big flop, 8k s + 4k p + 85k s c’s,
less than 2m genuine / 5m, fiasco)
Span for failure
Radical reformers French Revolution 1789 - 99 Thomas Paine Common Sense, Paine - 1776 Inconsistent support Nothing really
Trade fluctuations, m-class hostility (joined
1780 - 1820 Socio economic - Industrial revolution Corresponding Rights of Man, Paine - 1791 the peterloo cavalry), factory workers Just lots of splinter
(rotten boroughs, restricted franchise, £, Societies Sheffield C Society - Dec 1791 weren’t as discontented) movements
no secret ballot, all corrupt practices)
THINK = spies / T Hardy London C Society (Hardy) - 1792 Intra-movement weakness An industrialised
corresponding Political - old corruption (mechanisation, (London CS) National Convention, Edinb - Dec 1792 Cobbett / Place / Hunt = big egos, society
societies / Spa, industrialisation, threshing machine, big divisions over m & w-class aims, tactics &
Pent, Peterloo / factories - cotton, class conflict - w-class T spence (pigs More conventions - 1793 objectives Starting point for the
Hampden Clubs, grinding away, farm workers threatened) meat) Pigs Meat periodical, Spence - 1793 Govt suppression Chartists
Cobbett, Spence & Loyalist backlash (crown & anchor
Paine End of napoleonic wars - 1815 W Cobbett Pitt’s Reign of Terror 1894 - 95 associations)
(PR)
Wartime - (Luddies, mechanisation Political register, Cobbett - 1802 Pitt’s Reign of Terror 1794 - 1795 - TPA /
Basically - every replaced workers) Hampden SMA / NPA / suspended HC / stamp duty
essay’s Post-war - (labour surplus + bad clubs Lord Liverpool’s policy 1812 - 27
paragraphs are: harvests) Hamden Clubs - 1812 Lord Liverpool’s policy 1812-27
Lord Liverpool’s policy 1812 - 27 - Class conflict Gagging Acts 1817
(corn laws / abolition of income tax) Popular End of the Napoleonic wars 1815 Six Acts 1819
Power of the state radicalism Spencean Philanthropist party - 1816
Radical press - Cobbett / Hampden Division Spa Fields (x1) - 15th Nov 1816 (Hunt yaps, Prince Opposition
Radical literature / clubs 1812 / Henry Hunt Ostracised refuses to see petition) - Edmund BuRke
leaders Silenced
Stifling of Spa Fields (x2) - 2nd Dec 1816 (10k+, Spenceans loot
Divisions power the Tower, riot BUT the majority were peaceful, Price’s
carriage was attacked)
Lack of Gagging Acts - 1817 (TA / SMA)
widespread
support Pentridge Rising - 9 - 10th June 1817 (Oliver govt
spy, 200 march to Nottingham, hanged & beheaded)
Hampden Club Convention, 1817 - attempt to
cooperate, failed (class conflict)
St Peter’s Fields Meeting - 16th Aug 1819 (peaceful,
100k, THEN = govt shows up = Peterloo massacre, 11
dead & over 500 injured)
Six Acts 1819
, Chartists Political - (G Reform Act 1832, Grey Betrayal Great Reform Act 1832 LEADERSHIP Again - nothing?
wants to reform to preserve, Days of LOL
1838 - 1850 May -> disillusionment when it was GNU Poor Man’s Guardian, Henry Hetherington - 1831 Lovett - knowledge chartism, rejected
piecemeal, ALSO - taste of activity = BPU Factory act 1833 force Um - 3 failed
charter) LWMA New poor law 1834 petitions
Whigs lower newspaper tax - 1836 O’Connor - dictatorial control,
THINK = 1832 Act, Economic - (GNCTU 1834, strikes = O’Connor LWMA - Lovett (w-class, peaceful, moral) - 1836 ARROGANT = blind to see that the Issues sort of
People’s Charter, disbanded, Glasgow UWS 1837 = flop, O’Brien People’s Charter 1836 - 38 (LWMA + BPU + BNU) petitions were just not working!! devolved into
Poor Law, growing angst - needed a unified, H Hetherington Severe trade depression - 1837 - 1842 Opposition to centralisation from others, separate orgs -
railways, electric credible movement to stop being BPU - Attwood (w-class, more radical political agenda) - REJECTED class cooperation = sought political
telegraph, exploited by the Whig govt, Lovett = Hunger politics (revived in 1837) w-class POWER!! Land Plan 1845 - flop organisations &
O’Connor, Lovett draws the link, 1837 - 42 economic Knife and fork, Northern star newspaper, O’C - 1837 then unions
agitation = knife & fork) bread and National Convention - proof they just
cheese Anti P-L Campaigns 1837 - 38 would never cooperate State got stronger
Social - 10hr movement, bad factory question GNU - O’Connor (w-class, fiery rhetoric, support from
conditions & laws (factory act 1833, new unskilled workers) - 1838 REASONS FOR COLLAPSE Exposed class
poor law 1834 & the anti P-L campaigns Belief Birmingham mass meeting - 1838 (3 leaders did not divisions & pent up
1837 - 38 parliament want a London leadership) State suppression - Met Police Act 1829 anger at the GRA
wouldn’t (uniformed force) // Rural P Act 1839 1832 (m-classes
Radical press - ‘war of the unstamped’ legislate in National Convention & collapse (1st) - Feb 1839 (money given to create local forces) enfranchised, but
post six acts = decline, P-M Guardian, w-class met + petition rejected in July 1839 (rejected with working people
O’Brien, 1836 tax on newspaper halved interests 1.3m+ sigs = division, couldn’t agree over plans if it was New technology -(no wars = full energy), were STILL
= 1d, northern star - O’C 1837) unless working rejected, arrests) electric telegraph, railways) excluded)
people were Attwood quits - 1839
enfranchised Major General Napier - (4k troops in
many counties, largest division - 2.8k,
Met Police Act - 1839 calculated - avoiding another Peterloo)
Heart of Bull Ring Riots - July 1839 (2 weeks of rioting, petition
chartism rejected) REASONS FOR FLUCTUATING
ripped out Newport rising - 4th Nov 1839 (SW to Newport, 100k SUPPORT
m & i, 22 killed, sentenced, etc)
Undermined NCA - 1840 (O’C’s new org) Regional challenges - Northern areas,
message Lovett’s knowledge chartism org - 1840 (education, regional industrial changes, Irish
Class conflict proof of respectability) opposition, London was too economically
pragmatic diverse to resonate, // women = sexism //
Peel liberalised the state (MA / FA / P-L A / repeal class conflict - m-class - fearful &
corn laws) - 1841 - 46 displaced the GRA 1832 on them (m-class
were enfranchised) // unions - shift
2nd petition (NCA) - May 1842 (3m, largest ever, fail) GTTPS + MAGBI + NAUT // economic
The plug strikes - August 1842 (6k troops, strikes in revival - Peel liberalised the state (MA /
the Midlands & North, Napier quickly managed) FA / P-L A / repeal corn laws)
ECONOMIC REVIVAL - 1843 - 44
NAUT - 1845 (big union)
3nd petition (NCA) Kennington Common - April 10th
1848 (RAIN, 25k/200k, big flop, 8k s + 4k p + 85k s c’s,
less than 2m genuine / 5m, fiasco)
