Growth -ANSWER-an increase in physical size
Development -ANSWER-sequential when various skills/functions are acquired from birth
to child
Physical growth -ANSWER-maturation of body systems, gross motor and fine motor are
orderly
Infant physical growth -ANSWER--average weight is 7.5 lbs, 5%-10% weight loss is
expected in the first week
-birth weight doubles by 4 to 5 months and triples by 1 year
-average height is 20 inches and growth occurs more quickly over 1st 6 months
-head circumference is 35 cm or 13.5 inches and increases by 50%
Infant sleep -ANSWER--10-12 hours of sleep everyday
-deep: no movement and eyes closed
-light: eyes closed, REM, and irregular movements
-drowsy: dozing and half lidded
-quiet: alert-eyes wide open and calm
-active: alert-eyes wide open and active movement
-crying: cries, screams, and inattentive
Infant brain -ANSWER--at 6 months: the brain weighs half of adult size
-anterior fontanelles remains open from 12 to 18 months: soft spot on the top of the
head-can close as early as 9 months
-myelination of spinal cord and nerves continues over 2 years
Rooting/Sucking Reflex -ANSWER--finger/nipple on side of mouth, baby will move
towards it
-from birth to 2-5 months
,Moro Reflex -ANSWER--reflex in which a newborn stretches out the arms and legs and
cries in response to a loud noise or an abrupt change in the environment
-facial grimacing
-from birth to 4 months
ATNR (Asymmetrical tonic neck) Reflex -ANSWER--Arm and leg on face side extend;
arm and leg on skull side flex (or experience increase flexor tone)
-birth to 4 months
Palmar Reflex -ANSWER--when you place your finger in an infant's palm, they will grasp
it
-from birth to 4-6 months
Plantar Reflex -ANSWER--elicited touching the soles of the feet. toes curl downward
-around the age when babies learn to walk
-birth to 9 months
Babinski Reflex -ANSWER--in response to the sole of the foot being stroked, a baby's
big toe moves upward or toward the top surface of the foot and the other toes fan out
-birth to 12 months
-abnormal in adults
Infant GI -ANSWER--average 8-10 stools a day
-primary (deciduous) between 6-8 months
-as birth, stomach can only held 1/2 to 1 oz; by 1 year its full size
-amylase (carbs) and lipase (fats) are deficient and not in place until 5 months
-the liver is immature which is why there's jaundice; adult level by 5 months
-meconium is the first stool which is black and sticky from swallowing amniotic fluid,
breast milk causes seedy stool, formula causes peanut butter consistency stool
Infant GU, Integumentary, Heme, and Immune -ANSWER--urinate frequently but
susceptible to dehydration d/t total body water being higher than weight
-lanugo is fine hair on infants
-acrocyanosis is normal to feet and hands and should subside after a few days
-mottling can also be present for the first few months (purplish discoloring of the skin)
-initial high Hgb concentration then drops after 2-3 months; Fe stores ok up to 9 months
but needs supplementation
-Igg passed from mom to infant and lasts 3-6 months until own is synthesized to adult
levels by 60% at 12 months
Infant hair/skin -ANSWER--lanugo
-acrocyanosis (fingers, toes, lips)
Psychosocial and Cognitive Development -ANSWER--Erikson originated trust vs.
mistrust: infant develops trust in parent if needs are met and mistrust if not (birth to 1
year)
-Piaget created the stages how kids developed motor and fine skills (sensorimotor)
Infant fine motor development -ANSWER-1 month: grasp reflex strong
4 months: grasps object with both hands
7 months: transfers objects between hands (put together)
10 months: pincer grasp
11 months: removes objects from container
12 months: builds tower of two blocks
, Infant sensory development -ANSWER-1 month: visual acuity 20/100; follows light to
midline
2 months: crosses eyes, binocular fixation and convergence
3 months: follows object to periphery (outwards)
5 months: visually pursues dropped object
7 months: responds to own name and has taste preference
12 months: begins to discriminate simple shapes (squares/blocks, circle)
Infant vocal development -ANSWER-1 month: cries to express and displeasure; makes
small throaty sounds; comfort sounds with feeding
2 months: coos; vocalizes to familiar voice
3 months: babble/chuckle; less crying while awake
4 months: laughs aloud; starts making consonant sounds (n, k, g, p, b)
6 months: begins to imitate sounds
8 months: combines syllables such as dada
12 months: dada, mama with meaning; may say 3-5 words
Infant social development -ANSWER-1 month: sensorimotor phase, stage 1, use
reflexes
2 months: social smile responding to stimuli
4 months: enjoys social interaction
6 months: begins to recognize parents and fear strangers; holds out arms to be picked
up
8 months: increase anxiety over parent leaving; responds to the word NO
10 months: develops object permanence; waves bye-bye
11-12 months: plays "so big" and "peek-a-boo;" show emotions (jealousy, hug, kiss,
anger, fear)
Infant Nutrition -ANSWER--human milk or formula for first 4 to 6 months
-nutritional supplements for exclusively breast-fed babies: vitamin D, iron
-number and volume of feedings will vary over time (30-32 oz/day is normal max)
-when and how to add food (cereal 4 months, fruits and veggies 6 months)
Birth through 5 months food consistency -ANSWER--liquids only
4 months through 6 months -ANSWER--add strained foods
5 months through 9 months -ANSWER-add semisolid foods (mashed or diced)
8 months through 11 months -ANSWER-add modified table foods (finger foods, mashed)
10 months through 11 months -ANSWER-add table food (chopped)
Injury prevention -ANSWER--back to sleep to prevent SIDs
-do a home assessment on the level of the baby
-turn down water heater
-never leave unattended
-have poison control number by the phone
-properly restrained in a REAR-facing child restraint system
Children can't be an adult seatbelt until.... -ANSWER-they are 80 lbs and 8 years old,
with feet touching the ground
Infant play -ANSWER--birth to one month: black and white designs
-2 to 3 months: bright objects
-4 to 6 months: mirrors and brightly colored toys
-6 to 9 months: give large toys that are bright
Development -ANSWER-sequential when various skills/functions are acquired from birth
to child
Physical growth -ANSWER-maturation of body systems, gross motor and fine motor are
orderly
Infant physical growth -ANSWER--average weight is 7.5 lbs, 5%-10% weight loss is
expected in the first week
-birth weight doubles by 4 to 5 months and triples by 1 year
-average height is 20 inches and growth occurs more quickly over 1st 6 months
-head circumference is 35 cm or 13.5 inches and increases by 50%
Infant sleep -ANSWER--10-12 hours of sleep everyday
-deep: no movement and eyes closed
-light: eyes closed, REM, and irregular movements
-drowsy: dozing and half lidded
-quiet: alert-eyes wide open and calm
-active: alert-eyes wide open and active movement
-crying: cries, screams, and inattentive
Infant brain -ANSWER--at 6 months: the brain weighs half of adult size
-anterior fontanelles remains open from 12 to 18 months: soft spot on the top of the
head-can close as early as 9 months
-myelination of spinal cord and nerves continues over 2 years
Rooting/Sucking Reflex -ANSWER--finger/nipple on side of mouth, baby will move
towards it
-from birth to 2-5 months
,Moro Reflex -ANSWER--reflex in which a newborn stretches out the arms and legs and
cries in response to a loud noise or an abrupt change in the environment
-facial grimacing
-from birth to 4 months
ATNR (Asymmetrical tonic neck) Reflex -ANSWER--Arm and leg on face side extend;
arm and leg on skull side flex (or experience increase flexor tone)
-birth to 4 months
Palmar Reflex -ANSWER--when you place your finger in an infant's palm, they will grasp
it
-from birth to 4-6 months
Plantar Reflex -ANSWER--elicited touching the soles of the feet. toes curl downward
-around the age when babies learn to walk
-birth to 9 months
Babinski Reflex -ANSWER--in response to the sole of the foot being stroked, a baby's
big toe moves upward or toward the top surface of the foot and the other toes fan out
-birth to 12 months
-abnormal in adults
Infant GI -ANSWER--average 8-10 stools a day
-primary (deciduous) between 6-8 months
-as birth, stomach can only held 1/2 to 1 oz; by 1 year its full size
-amylase (carbs) and lipase (fats) are deficient and not in place until 5 months
-the liver is immature which is why there's jaundice; adult level by 5 months
-meconium is the first stool which is black and sticky from swallowing amniotic fluid,
breast milk causes seedy stool, formula causes peanut butter consistency stool
Infant GU, Integumentary, Heme, and Immune -ANSWER--urinate frequently but
susceptible to dehydration d/t total body water being higher than weight
-lanugo is fine hair on infants
-acrocyanosis is normal to feet and hands and should subside after a few days
-mottling can also be present for the first few months (purplish discoloring of the skin)
-initial high Hgb concentration then drops after 2-3 months; Fe stores ok up to 9 months
but needs supplementation
-Igg passed from mom to infant and lasts 3-6 months until own is synthesized to adult
levels by 60% at 12 months
Infant hair/skin -ANSWER--lanugo
-acrocyanosis (fingers, toes, lips)
Psychosocial and Cognitive Development -ANSWER--Erikson originated trust vs.
mistrust: infant develops trust in parent if needs are met and mistrust if not (birth to 1
year)
-Piaget created the stages how kids developed motor and fine skills (sensorimotor)
Infant fine motor development -ANSWER-1 month: grasp reflex strong
4 months: grasps object with both hands
7 months: transfers objects between hands (put together)
10 months: pincer grasp
11 months: removes objects from container
12 months: builds tower of two blocks
, Infant sensory development -ANSWER-1 month: visual acuity 20/100; follows light to
midline
2 months: crosses eyes, binocular fixation and convergence
3 months: follows object to periphery (outwards)
5 months: visually pursues dropped object
7 months: responds to own name and has taste preference
12 months: begins to discriminate simple shapes (squares/blocks, circle)
Infant vocal development -ANSWER-1 month: cries to express and displeasure; makes
small throaty sounds; comfort sounds with feeding
2 months: coos; vocalizes to familiar voice
3 months: babble/chuckle; less crying while awake
4 months: laughs aloud; starts making consonant sounds (n, k, g, p, b)
6 months: begins to imitate sounds
8 months: combines syllables such as dada
12 months: dada, mama with meaning; may say 3-5 words
Infant social development -ANSWER-1 month: sensorimotor phase, stage 1, use
reflexes
2 months: social smile responding to stimuli
4 months: enjoys social interaction
6 months: begins to recognize parents and fear strangers; holds out arms to be picked
up
8 months: increase anxiety over parent leaving; responds to the word NO
10 months: develops object permanence; waves bye-bye
11-12 months: plays "so big" and "peek-a-boo;" show emotions (jealousy, hug, kiss,
anger, fear)
Infant Nutrition -ANSWER--human milk or formula for first 4 to 6 months
-nutritional supplements for exclusively breast-fed babies: vitamin D, iron
-number and volume of feedings will vary over time (30-32 oz/day is normal max)
-when and how to add food (cereal 4 months, fruits and veggies 6 months)
Birth through 5 months food consistency -ANSWER--liquids only
4 months through 6 months -ANSWER--add strained foods
5 months through 9 months -ANSWER-add semisolid foods (mashed or diced)
8 months through 11 months -ANSWER-add modified table foods (finger foods, mashed)
10 months through 11 months -ANSWER-add table food (chopped)
Injury prevention -ANSWER--back to sleep to prevent SIDs
-do a home assessment on the level of the baby
-turn down water heater
-never leave unattended
-have poison control number by the phone
-properly restrained in a REAR-facing child restraint system
Children can't be an adult seatbelt until.... -ANSWER-they are 80 lbs and 8 years old,
with feet touching the ground
Infant play -ANSWER--birth to one month: black and white designs
-2 to 3 months: bright objects
-4 to 6 months: mirrors and brightly colored toys
-6 to 9 months: give large toys that are bright
