CRITICAL CARE PARAMEDIC FINAL
REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 VERIFIED.
Hypochloremia can indicate impending - ANS renal dysfunction
Low BUN levels can indicate - ANS liver failure
anterior fontanelle closes at - ANS 12-18 months
posterior fontanelle closes at - ANS 2 months
a child's primary emotion in the EMS setting is.. - ANS fear
circulating volume in the child is.. - ANS 75-80 ml/kg
fluid bolus dose for pediatric - ANS 20cc/kg repeat as needed
in pediatrics under 10 years old ______ is the narrowest part of the airway - ANS cricoid
cartilage
ETT size formula for pediatric - ANS (age + 16) / 4
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 1 OF 35
,Ett depth of insertion formula for pediatric - ANS Age/2 + 12, 10+ age in years
cardioversion dose for pediatric - ANS .5-1j/ kg
What is Wadell's triad? - ANS common injuries when a child is struck by motor vehicle, injury
to head trunk and extremities
___ is the most commonly injured organ, and ___ is the primary injury in abuse - ANS skin,
head
the largest cause of traumatic death in pediatrics - ANS MVAs
for each degree above 37c, the heart rate increases __ bpm and the RR increases by __ breaths
per minute - ANS 20bpm, 10 breaths per minute
Normal PIP for infant ventilator setting - ANS 15-20, use the lowest pip that creates chest
expansion
normal PEEP for infant ventilator setting - ANS 3-5cm H2O
I:E ratio for children - ANS 1:1
Tidal volume for a child on the ventilator setting - ANS 6-10ml/kg
If you have a sudden onset of respiratory distress, dysphagia, drooling, and cough up blood in a
child you should suspect.. - ANS Epiglottitis
X ray finding that you would expect to see on the lateral neck x-ray to confirm Epiglottitis is... -
ANS thumbprint sign
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 2 OF 35
,____ is noted on an AP neck xray and indicates croup (laryngotracheobronchitis) -
ANS steeple sign
appropriate site of insertion for IO in peds - ANS medial surface of tibia below tibial
tuberosity
If a pt develops widened QRS and goes into cardiac arrest after administration of Succs you
should suspect ___ and consider administering ___ - ANS hyperkalemia crisis, consider
calcium and sodium bicarb
Drug of choice to treat malignant hyperthermia - ANS dantrolene
Hamman's sign is - ANS associated with tracheobronchial injury, it is a crunching sound
auscultated over anterior chest synchronized with heart beat
chest tube placement is - ANS 5th intercostal space anterior mid axillary line
___ is the single most important predictor of fetal well-being in monitoring - ANS variability
Accelerations above baseline in fetal monitoring are associated with - ANS fetal movement or
during contractions
decreased fetal movement likely indicates - ANS hypoxia
variable deceleration is associated with - ANS cord compression or nuchal cord
variable decelerations are normally ___ in appearance during monitoring - ANS V or W
shaped
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 3 OF 35
, late decelerations are associated with - ANS uteroplacental insufficiency causing fetus
hypoxic bradycardia
early deceleration causes - ANS head compression and vagus stimulation
Fetal bradycardia is classified as <___ bpm for a period of _____ - ANS 120, 5-10minutes
Oxytocin (pitocin) is used for .. - ANS to cause uterine contraction during uterine atony or
post partum hemorrhage
Signs and symptoms of Magnesium toxicity - ANS loss of deep tendon reflexes, AMS, resp or
cardiac arrest
the fetus on a pre-eclamptic mother during labor will commonly experience ___ - ANS late
decelerations
signs/symptoms of pre eclampsia - ANS hypertension and proteinuria
In the OB world, sudden onset of acute dyspnea with cyanosis, chest pain, restlessness, shock,
seizures, etc can indicate.. - ANS amniotic fluid embolism
placenta previa s/s - ANS bright red bleeding, painless
placenta abruptio s/s - ANS dark red bleeding w/ severe abdominal pain
the second stage of delivery ends with - ANS delivery of infant
an infant who presents with severe retractions, unequal breath sounds, and a scaphoid
abdomen (sunken in) indicates.. - ANS diaphragmatic hernia
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 4 OF 35
REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 VERIFIED.
Hypochloremia can indicate impending - ANS renal dysfunction
Low BUN levels can indicate - ANS liver failure
anterior fontanelle closes at - ANS 12-18 months
posterior fontanelle closes at - ANS 2 months
a child's primary emotion in the EMS setting is.. - ANS fear
circulating volume in the child is.. - ANS 75-80 ml/kg
fluid bolus dose for pediatric - ANS 20cc/kg repeat as needed
in pediatrics under 10 years old ______ is the narrowest part of the airway - ANS cricoid
cartilage
ETT size formula for pediatric - ANS (age + 16) / 4
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 1 OF 35
,Ett depth of insertion formula for pediatric - ANS Age/2 + 12, 10+ age in years
cardioversion dose for pediatric - ANS .5-1j/ kg
What is Wadell's triad? - ANS common injuries when a child is struck by motor vehicle, injury
to head trunk and extremities
___ is the most commonly injured organ, and ___ is the primary injury in abuse - ANS skin,
head
the largest cause of traumatic death in pediatrics - ANS MVAs
for each degree above 37c, the heart rate increases __ bpm and the RR increases by __ breaths
per minute - ANS 20bpm, 10 breaths per minute
Normal PIP for infant ventilator setting - ANS 15-20, use the lowest pip that creates chest
expansion
normal PEEP for infant ventilator setting - ANS 3-5cm H2O
I:E ratio for children - ANS 1:1
Tidal volume for a child on the ventilator setting - ANS 6-10ml/kg
If you have a sudden onset of respiratory distress, dysphagia, drooling, and cough up blood in a
child you should suspect.. - ANS Epiglottitis
X ray finding that you would expect to see on the lateral neck x-ray to confirm Epiglottitis is... -
ANS thumbprint sign
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 2 OF 35
,____ is noted on an AP neck xray and indicates croup (laryngotracheobronchitis) -
ANS steeple sign
appropriate site of insertion for IO in peds - ANS medial surface of tibia below tibial
tuberosity
If a pt develops widened QRS and goes into cardiac arrest after administration of Succs you
should suspect ___ and consider administering ___ - ANS hyperkalemia crisis, consider
calcium and sodium bicarb
Drug of choice to treat malignant hyperthermia - ANS dantrolene
Hamman's sign is - ANS associated with tracheobronchial injury, it is a crunching sound
auscultated over anterior chest synchronized with heart beat
chest tube placement is - ANS 5th intercostal space anterior mid axillary line
___ is the single most important predictor of fetal well-being in monitoring - ANS variability
Accelerations above baseline in fetal monitoring are associated with - ANS fetal movement or
during contractions
decreased fetal movement likely indicates - ANS hypoxia
variable deceleration is associated with - ANS cord compression or nuchal cord
variable decelerations are normally ___ in appearance during monitoring - ANS V or W
shaped
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 3 OF 35
, late decelerations are associated with - ANS uteroplacental insufficiency causing fetus
hypoxic bradycardia
early deceleration causes - ANS head compression and vagus stimulation
Fetal bradycardia is classified as <___ bpm for a period of _____ - ANS 120, 5-10minutes
Oxytocin (pitocin) is used for .. - ANS to cause uterine contraction during uterine atony or
post partum hemorrhage
Signs and symptoms of Magnesium toxicity - ANS loss of deep tendon reflexes, AMS, resp or
cardiac arrest
the fetus on a pre-eclamptic mother during labor will commonly experience ___ - ANS late
decelerations
signs/symptoms of pre eclampsia - ANS hypertension and proteinuria
In the OB world, sudden onset of acute dyspnea with cyanosis, chest pain, restlessness, shock,
seizures, etc can indicate.. - ANS amniotic fluid embolism
placenta previa s/s - ANS bright red bleeding, painless
placenta abruptio s/s - ANS dark red bleeding w/ severe abdominal pain
the second stage of delivery ends with - ANS delivery of infant
an infant who presents with severe retractions, unequal breath sounds, and a scaphoid
abdomen (sunken in) indicates.. - ANS diaphragmatic hernia
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 4 OF 35
