Statistical Design (2008) – Solutions to Exercises –
George Casella
Statistics - answers-A set of mathematical procedures for organizing, summarizing, and
interpreting information
Population - answers-the set of all the individuals of interest in a particular study
Sample - answers-a set of individuals selected from a population
Variable - answers-a characteristic or condition that changes or has different values for different
individuals
Data - answers-measurements or observations
Parameter - answers-Value of numbers that describe a population
statstic - answers-value, usually a numerical value, that describes a sample
descriptive statistics - answers-procedures used to summarize, organize, and simplify data
inferential statistics - answers-techniques that allow us to study samples and then make
generalizations about the populations
sampling error - answers-discrepancy that occurs naturally and exist between a selection
1
,statistic and the corresponding population parameter
correlation method - answers-technique wherein two different variables are observed to
determine whether they are related
experimental method - answers-technique in which one variable is manipulated while another
variable is observed and measured
independent variable - answers-something manipulated by the researcher
dependent variable - answers-observed to assess the effect of the treatment
control condition - answers-the group that does not receive the experimental treatment.
experimental condition - answers-individuals in this group do receive the experimental
treatment
nonequivalent groups study - answers-research in which collections of participants are formed
without the researcher controlling assignment
pre-post study - answers-evaluation of a treatment's effect by comparing observations before
and after the treatment
quasi-independent variable - answers-groups of scores that are examined for their influence on
a dependent variable
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, contructs - answers-internal attributes or characteristics that cannot be directly observed
operational definition - answers-explanation describes a construct in terms of how it is
measured
discrete variable - answers-scale consisting of separate, indivisible categories
continuous variable - answers-scale for which there are an infinite number of possible values
real limits - answers-the boundaries of intervals for scores that are represented on a continuous
number line
upper real limit - answers-The boundary that separates an interval from the next higher
interval.
lower real limit - answers-boundary that separates an interval from the next smaller interval
ordinal scale - answers-set of categories that are ranked in terms of size or magnitude
interval scale - answers-ordered categories that are all spaced exactly the same size
frequency distribution - answers-tabulation of the number of individuals located in each
category on an organized scale
range - answers-distance from the highest score to the lowest score
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George Casella
Statistics - answers-A set of mathematical procedures for organizing, summarizing, and
interpreting information
Population - answers-the set of all the individuals of interest in a particular study
Sample - answers-a set of individuals selected from a population
Variable - answers-a characteristic or condition that changes or has different values for different
individuals
Data - answers-measurements or observations
Parameter - answers-Value of numbers that describe a population
statstic - answers-value, usually a numerical value, that describes a sample
descriptive statistics - answers-procedures used to summarize, organize, and simplify data
inferential statistics - answers-techniques that allow us to study samples and then make
generalizations about the populations
sampling error - answers-discrepancy that occurs naturally and exist between a selection
1
,statistic and the corresponding population parameter
correlation method - answers-technique wherein two different variables are observed to
determine whether they are related
experimental method - answers-technique in which one variable is manipulated while another
variable is observed and measured
independent variable - answers-something manipulated by the researcher
dependent variable - answers-observed to assess the effect of the treatment
control condition - answers-the group that does not receive the experimental treatment.
experimental condition - answers-individuals in this group do receive the experimental
treatment
nonequivalent groups study - answers-research in which collections of participants are formed
without the researcher controlling assignment
pre-post study - answers-evaluation of a treatment's effect by comparing observations before
and after the treatment
quasi-independent variable - answers-groups of scores that are examined for their influence on
a dependent variable
2
, contructs - answers-internal attributes or characteristics that cannot be directly observed
operational definition - answers-explanation describes a construct in terms of how it is
measured
discrete variable - answers-scale consisting of separate, indivisible categories
continuous variable - answers-scale for which there are an infinite number of possible values
real limits - answers-the boundaries of intervals for scores that are represented on a continuous
number line
upper real limit - answers-The boundary that separates an interval from the next higher
interval.
lower real limit - answers-boundary that separates an interval from the next smaller interval
ordinal scale - answers-set of categories that are ranked in terms of size or magnitude
interval scale - answers-ordered categories that are all spaced exactly the same size
frequency distribution - answers-tabulation of the number of individuals located in each
category on an organized scale
range - answers-distance from the highest score to the lowest score
3
