WGU C483 OA PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
NEW EXAM 2026 (COMPLIED FROM REAL
EXAM) SCORE A+
Conflict
Opposing pressures from different sources, occurring on the level of psychological
conflict or conflict between individuals or groups
Conglomerate diversification
A strategy used to add new businesses that produce unrelated products or are
involved in unrelated markets and activities
Contingency plans
Alternative courses of action that can be implemented based on how the future unfolds
Continuous process
A process that is highly automated and has a continuous production flow
Control
Any process that directs the activities of individuals toward the achievement of
organizational goals
Controlling
The management function of monitoring performance and making needed changes;
takes five steps: 1) set standards, 2) measure performance, 3 compare performance to
standards, 4) taking correction.
Cooperative strategies
Strategies used by two or more organizations working together to manage the
external environment
Coordination
,The procedures that link the various parts of an organization for the purpose of
achieving the organization's overall mission
Coordination by mutual adjustment
Units interact with one another to make accommodations to achieve flexible
coordination
Coordination by plan
Interdependent units are required to meet deadlines and objectives that contribute to a
common goal
Extinction
Disappearance of behaviors that occurs when the behaviors are not being reinforced.
Extrinsic reward
Reward given to a person by the boss, the company, or some other person
Failure rate
The number of expatriate managers of an overseas operation who come home early
Feedback control
Control that focuses on the use of information about previous results to correct
deviations from the acceptable standard
Affirmative action
Special efforts to recruit and hire qualified members of groups that have been
discriminated against in the past
After-action review
A frank and open-minded discussion of four basic questions aimed at continuous
improvement
Alderfer's ERG theory
,A human needs theory postulating that people have three basic sets of needs that can
operate simultaneously (Existence, Relatedness and Growth)
Arbitration
The use of a neutral third party to resolve a labor dispute
Assessment center
A managerial performance test in which candidates participate in a variety of
exercises and situations
Assets
The values of the various items the corporation owns
Authentic leadership
A style in which the leader is true to himself or herself while leading
Authority
The legitimate right to make decisions and to tell other people what to do
Autocratic leadership
A form of leadership in which the leader makes decisions on his or her own and then
announces those decisions to the group
Autonomous work groups
Groups that control decisions about and execution of a complete range of tasks
Avoidance
A reaction to conflict that involves ignoring the problem by doing nothing at all or
deemphasizing the disagreement
Balanced scorecard
Control system combining four sets of performance measures: financial, customer,
business process, and learning and growth
Balance sheet
, A report that shows the financial picture of a company at a given time and itemizes
assets, liabilities, and stockholders' equity
Barriers to entry
Conditions that prevent new companies from entering an industry
Behavioral approach
A leadership perspective that attempts to identify what good leaders do—that is, what
behaviors they exhibit
Benchmarking
The process of comparing an organization's practices and technologies with those of
other companies
Bootlegging
Informal work on projects, other than those officially assigned, of employees' own
choosing and initiative
Boundaryless organization
Organization in which there are no barriers to information flow
Boundary-spanning
Interacting with people in other groups, thus creating linkages between groups
Bounded rationality
A less-than-perfect form of rationality in which decision makers cannot be perfectly
rational because decisions are complex and complete information is unavailable or
cannot be fully processed
Brainstorming
A process in which group members generate as many ideas about a problem as they
can; criticism is withheld until all ideas have been proposed
Broker
A person who assembles and coordinates participants in a network
Budgeting
NEW EXAM 2026 (COMPLIED FROM REAL
EXAM) SCORE A+
Conflict
Opposing pressures from different sources, occurring on the level of psychological
conflict or conflict between individuals or groups
Conglomerate diversification
A strategy used to add new businesses that produce unrelated products or are
involved in unrelated markets and activities
Contingency plans
Alternative courses of action that can be implemented based on how the future unfolds
Continuous process
A process that is highly automated and has a continuous production flow
Control
Any process that directs the activities of individuals toward the achievement of
organizational goals
Controlling
The management function of monitoring performance and making needed changes;
takes five steps: 1) set standards, 2) measure performance, 3 compare performance to
standards, 4) taking correction.
Cooperative strategies
Strategies used by two or more organizations working together to manage the
external environment
Coordination
,The procedures that link the various parts of an organization for the purpose of
achieving the organization's overall mission
Coordination by mutual adjustment
Units interact with one another to make accommodations to achieve flexible
coordination
Coordination by plan
Interdependent units are required to meet deadlines and objectives that contribute to a
common goal
Extinction
Disappearance of behaviors that occurs when the behaviors are not being reinforced.
Extrinsic reward
Reward given to a person by the boss, the company, or some other person
Failure rate
The number of expatriate managers of an overseas operation who come home early
Feedback control
Control that focuses on the use of information about previous results to correct
deviations from the acceptable standard
Affirmative action
Special efforts to recruit and hire qualified members of groups that have been
discriminated against in the past
After-action review
A frank and open-minded discussion of four basic questions aimed at continuous
improvement
Alderfer's ERG theory
,A human needs theory postulating that people have three basic sets of needs that can
operate simultaneously (Existence, Relatedness and Growth)
Arbitration
The use of a neutral third party to resolve a labor dispute
Assessment center
A managerial performance test in which candidates participate in a variety of
exercises and situations
Assets
The values of the various items the corporation owns
Authentic leadership
A style in which the leader is true to himself or herself while leading
Authority
The legitimate right to make decisions and to tell other people what to do
Autocratic leadership
A form of leadership in which the leader makes decisions on his or her own and then
announces those decisions to the group
Autonomous work groups
Groups that control decisions about and execution of a complete range of tasks
Avoidance
A reaction to conflict that involves ignoring the problem by doing nothing at all or
deemphasizing the disagreement
Balanced scorecard
Control system combining four sets of performance measures: financial, customer,
business process, and learning and growth
Balance sheet
, A report that shows the financial picture of a company at a given time and itemizes
assets, liabilities, and stockholders' equity
Barriers to entry
Conditions that prevent new companies from entering an industry
Behavioral approach
A leadership perspective that attempts to identify what good leaders do—that is, what
behaviors they exhibit
Benchmarking
The process of comparing an organization's practices and technologies with those of
other companies
Bootlegging
Informal work on projects, other than those officially assigned, of employees' own
choosing and initiative
Boundaryless organization
Organization in which there are no barriers to information flow
Boundary-spanning
Interacting with people in other groups, thus creating linkages between groups
Bounded rationality
A less-than-perfect form of rationality in which decision makers cannot be perfectly
rational because decisions are complex and complete information is unavailable or
cannot be fully processed
Brainstorming
A process in which group members generate as many ideas about a problem as they
can; criticism is withheld until all ideas have been proposed
Broker
A person who assembles and coordinates participants in a network
Budgeting
