______________________ is an experiment in which participants do not know if they
are in the experimental or the control group, and the experimenters also do not know
which participants are part of which group. - ANSWER-The double-blind study
Experimenters can justify the use of deception only if ___________. - ANSWER-it is
necessary for the experiment to work, and participants are debriefed afterwards
The goals of psychology are to _____. - ANSWER-describe, understand, predict, and
control behavior
Who was an early proponent of functionalism? - ANSWER-William James
Freud said phobias were ____________ whereas Watson said phobias were
__________. - ANSWER-repressed conflicts; learned
Which perspective focuses on free will and self-actualization? - ANSWER-humanism
What is one similarity shared by clinical psychologists and psychiatrists? - ANSWER-
They diagnose and treat people experiencing behavioral and emotional problems.
When you watch how dogs play in the park or how your professors act in the classroom,
that could actually be considered a form of ______. - ANSWER-naturalistic observation
A detailed description of a particular individual being studied or treated is called
______________________. - ANSWER-a case study
A negative correlation means that ______________________. - ANSWER-high values
of one variable are associated with low values of the other
The two main divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________. -
ANSWER-peripheral nervous system; central nervous system
Which part of the neuron is responsible for maintaining the life of the cell? - ANSWER-
soma
Which of the following neurotransmitters functions as a common inhibitory
neurotransmitter in the brain? - ANSWER-GABA
, Which part of the nervous system takes the information received from the senses,
makes sense out of it, makes decisions, and sends commands out to the muscles and
the rest of the body? - ANSWER-brain
The part of the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for reacting to stressful
events and bodily arousal is called the ______________ nervous system. - ANSWER-
sympathetic
Hormones are___________. - ANSWER-chemicals released into the bloodstream by
the endocrine glands
A brain-imaging method using magnetic fields of the body to produce detailed images of
the brain is called ______________. - ANSWER-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
What part of the brain acts as a relay station for incoming sensory information? -
ANSWER-thalamus
Which of the following regions contains the primary visual cortex? - ANSWER-occipital
lobe
Which of the following are some of the primary functions of the right hemisphere? -
ANSWER-perception, expression of emotion, and recognition of patterns
The term just noticeable difference is synonymous with ______. - ANSWER-difference
threshold
In the process known as_____________, sensory receptors become less sensitive to
repeated presentations of the same stimulus. - ANSWER-sensory adaptation
Receptor cells in the retina responsible for color vision and fine acuity are ______. -
ANSWER-cones
Which of the following properties of sound is the most similar to the saturation of light? -
ANSWER-timbre
Conduction hearing impairment refers to hearing problems caused by ____________. -
ANSWER-vibrations from the eardrum not reaching the cochlea
What are the five primary tastes? - ANSWER-bitter, salty, sour, sweet, umami
In addition to their function for hearing, we have three semicircular canals in the ear to
______________ - ANSWER-detect movement in each of the three planes of motion
The tendency to interpret an object as always being the same physical dimensions,
regardless of its distance from the viewer, is known as _____________. - ANSWER-
size constancy
Texture gradient refers to the fact that texture appears to become ______. - ANSWER-
less detailed in the distance
An illusion ________________. - ANSWER-is a perception that does not correspond to
reality
Changes controlled by a genetic blueprint, such as an increase in height or the size of
the brain, are examples of ___________________, not learning. - ANSWER-maturation
Pavlov placed meat powder in the mouths of dogs, and they began to salivate. The food
acted as a (an) ____________. - ANSWER-unconditioned stimulus
What was the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) in the case of Little Albert? - ANSWER-a
loud noise
Thorndike was known for his work ______. - ANSWER-a puzzle box
Under what circumstances will a reinforcer make the target response more likely to
occur again? - ANSWER-Regardless of whether it is a positive or negative reinforcer, a
reinforcer makes a response more likely to occur.
are in the experimental or the control group, and the experimenters also do not know
which participants are part of which group. - ANSWER-The double-blind study
Experimenters can justify the use of deception only if ___________. - ANSWER-it is
necessary for the experiment to work, and participants are debriefed afterwards
The goals of psychology are to _____. - ANSWER-describe, understand, predict, and
control behavior
Who was an early proponent of functionalism? - ANSWER-William James
Freud said phobias were ____________ whereas Watson said phobias were
__________. - ANSWER-repressed conflicts; learned
Which perspective focuses on free will and self-actualization? - ANSWER-humanism
What is one similarity shared by clinical psychologists and psychiatrists? - ANSWER-
They diagnose and treat people experiencing behavioral and emotional problems.
When you watch how dogs play in the park or how your professors act in the classroom,
that could actually be considered a form of ______. - ANSWER-naturalistic observation
A detailed description of a particular individual being studied or treated is called
______________________. - ANSWER-a case study
A negative correlation means that ______________________. - ANSWER-high values
of one variable are associated with low values of the other
The two main divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________. -
ANSWER-peripheral nervous system; central nervous system
Which part of the neuron is responsible for maintaining the life of the cell? - ANSWER-
soma
Which of the following neurotransmitters functions as a common inhibitory
neurotransmitter in the brain? - ANSWER-GABA
, Which part of the nervous system takes the information received from the senses,
makes sense out of it, makes decisions, and sends commands out to the muscles and
the rest of the body? - ANSWER-brain
The part of the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for reacting to stressful
events and bodily arousal is called the ______________ nervous system. - ANSWER-
sympathetic
Hormones are___________. - ANSWER-chemicals released into the bloodstream by
the endocrine glands
A brain-imaging method using magnetic fields of the body to produce detailed images of
the brain is called ______________. - ANSWER-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
What part of the brain acts as a relay station for incoming sensory information? -
ANSWER-thalamus
Which of the following regions contains the primary visual cortex? - ANSWER-occipital
lobe
Which of the following are some of the primary functions of the right hemisphere? -
ANSWER-perception, expression of emotion, and recognition of patterns
The term just noticeable difference is synonymous with ______. - ANSWER-difference
threshold
In the process known as_____________, sensory receptors become less sensitive to
repeated presentations of the same stimulus. - ANSWER-sensory adaptation
Receptor cells in the retina responsible for color vision and fine acuity are ______. -
ANSWER-cones
Which of the following properties of sound is the most similar to the saturation of light? -
ANSWER-timbre
Conduction hearing impairment refers to hearing problems caused by ____________. -
ANSWER-vibrations from the eardrum not reaching the cochlea
What are the five primary tastes? - ANSWER-bitter, salty, sour, sweet, umami
In addition to their function for hearing, we have three semicircular canals in the ear to
______________ - ANSWER-detect movement in each of the three planes of motion
The tendency to interpret an object as always being the same physical dimensions,
regardless of its distance from the viewer, is known as _____________. - ANSWER-
size constancy
Texture gradient refers to the fact that texture appears to become ______. - ANSWER-
less detailed in the distance
An illusion ________________. - ANSWER-is a perception that does not correspond to
reality
Changes controlled by a genetic blueprint, such as an increase in height or the size of
the brain, are examples of ___________________, not learning. - ANSWER-maturation
Pavlov placed meat powder in the mouths of dogs, and they began to salivate. The food
acted as a (an) ____________. - ANSWER-unconditioned stimulus
What was the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) in the case of Little Albert? - ANSWER-a
loud noise
Thorndike was known for his work ______. - ANSWER-a puzzle box
Under what circumstances will a reinforcer make the target response more likely to
occur again? - ANSWER-Regardless of whether it is a positive or negative reinforcer, a
reinforcer makes a response more likely to occur.
