Past papers. Anatomy & Physiology Terminology questions & answers.

What does the term “anterior” refer to in the human body? ️️ The front side of the body What is meant by “posterior” in anatomical position? ️️ The back side of the body What does “superior” describe in anatomy? ️️ A structure located above another What is the meaning of “inferior” in body orientation? ️️ A structure located below another What does “medial” indicate? ️️ Closer to the midline of the body What is meant by “lateral”? ️️ Away from the midline of the body What does “proximal” refer to? ️️ Closer to the point of attachment What is the meaning of “distal”? ️️ Farther from the point of attachment What does “superficial” describe? ️️ Closer to the surface of the body What is meant by “deep” in anatomy? ️️ Farther from the body surface What does “ventral” refer to? ️️ The front or belly side What is “dorsal” in anatomical terms? ️️ The back side What does “cranial” mean? ️️ Toward the head 2 What is the meaning of “caudal”? ️️ Toward the tail or lower part of the body What does “ipsilateral” describe? ️️ On the same side of the body What is meant by “contralateral”? ️️ On opposite sides of the body What does “palmar” refer to? ️️ The palm of the hand What is “plantar” in anatomical terms? ️️ The sole of the foot What does “supine” position mean? ️️ Lying face upward What is the “prone” position? ️️ Lying face downward What does “abduction” describe? ️️ Movement away from the midline What is “adduction”? ️️ Movement toward the midline What does “flexion” mean? ️️ Decreasing the angle between two body parts What is “extension”? ️️ Increasing the angle between two body parts What does “rotation” refer to? ️️ Turning around an axis What is “circumduction”? ️️ Circular movement of a limb What does “homeostasis” mean? ️️ Maintenance of a stable internal environment What is a “cell” in anatomy? ️️ The basic unit of life 3 What does “tissue” refer to? ️️ A group of similar cells performing a function What is an “organ”? ️️ A structure made of different tissues working together What does “organ system” mean? ️️ A group of organs working together What is “metabolism”? ️️ All chemical reactions in the body What does “anabolism” refer to? ️️ Building up of complex molecules What is “catabolism”? ️️ Breaking down of complex molecules What does “physiology” study? ️️ How body parts function What is “anatomy”? ️️ Study of body structure What does “histology” mean? ️️ Study of tissues What is “cytology”? ️️ Study of cells What does “pathology” refer to? ️️ Study of diseases What is “etiology”? ️️ Cause of a disease What does “symptom” mean? ️️ A subjective sign felt by the patient What is a “sign” in medicine? ️️ An objective indication observed by others What does “diagnosis” mean? ️️ Identification of a disease