NR 574 ACUTE CARE PRACTICUM MIDTERM
EXAM 2026 WEEK 1 TO 4 ACTUAL TEST PAPER
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
◉ Substance release at the synapse. Answer: Acetylcholine- Excitatory
or inhibitory- alzheimers
Norepi- Excitatory or inhibitory- sleep/wake cycle, SYNS transmission
Dopa- Excitatory (h1 and h2 receptors) and inhibitory (H3 receptors).
parkinson disease
◉ Spondylolysis. Answer: structural defect (degeneration, fracture, or
developmental defect) in the pars interarticularis of the vertebral arch
(the joining of the vertebral body to the posterior structures). The lumbar
spine at L5 is affected most often.
-Heredity
-Other congenital spinal defects
◉ motor and sensory areas of the brain. Answer: Parietal lobe- major
area for somatic sensory input, located along the postcentral gyrus.
which is adjacent to the primary motor area in the precentral gyrus.
,Primary motor area (Brodmann area 4)- located along the precentral
gyrus forming the primary voluntary motor area (homunculus) (little
man).
Association fibers provide communication between sensory and motor
◉ Ischemic penumbra. Answer: ischemic but not infarcted (salvageable)
tissue. Peri-infarct tissue.
-no structural damage
◉ Cerebral infarction. Answer: ischemic- white infarct (affected area is
pale and soft 6-12 hours after). necrosis appears by 48 to 72 hours.
Infiltration of macrophages and phagocytosis of necrotic tissue. necrosis
resolves around the 2nd week. glial scarring.
◉ excitotoxins. Answer: Toxins (usually amino acids) that overstimulate
glutamate release and cause neuron suicide.
◉ Agnosia. Answer: the inability to recognize familiar objects.
-tactile/spatial-parietal lobe
-Gerstmann syndrome (loss of spatial orientation of fingers, body, sides
and #s)- L angular gyrus (Parieral)
, -Object- Temporo-occipital area
-Associated with CVAs
◉ Subarachnoid hemorrhage. Answer: Bleeding into the subarachnoid
space, where the cerebrospinal fluid circulates.
-ruptured intracranial aneurysm/trauma
-IICP/irritates meningeal tissues/produces inflammation, blood coats
nerve roots, impairs CSF circulation
-compensatory increase in SBP
◉ Meningitis. Answer: Bacterial- Meningococcus and S. pneumococcus
bacteria are most common
Viral- Specific pathogen cannot be found in CSF
◉ Prostate cancer prevention. Answer: -Eat a low fat diet
- Slow growing cancer so DRE and PSA testing prevents
◉ BPH and the urinary system. Answer: - Chronic inflammation
-Bladder outflow obstruction
-Urge to pee often
-delay in starting stream
- Decreased force of stream
EXAM 2026 WEEK 1 TO 4 ACTUAL TEST PAPER
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
◉ Substance release at the synapse. Answer: Acetylcholine- Excitatory
or inhibitory- alzheimers
Norepi- Excitatory or inhibitory- sleep/wake cycle, SYNS transmission
Dopa- Excitatory (h1 and h2 receptors) and inhibitory (H3 receptors).
parkinson disease
◉ Spondylolysis. Answer: structural defect (degeneration, fracture, or
developmental defect) in the pars interarticularis of the vertebral arch
(the joining of the vertebral body to the posterior structures). The lumbar
spine at L5 is affected most often.
-Heredity
-Other congenital spinal defects
◉ motor and sensory areas of the brain. Answer: Parietal lobe- major
area for somatic sensory input, located along the postcentral gyrus.
which is adjacent to the primary motor area in the precentral gyrus.
,Primary motor area (Brodmann area 4)- located along the precentral
gyrus forming the primary voluntary motor area (homunculus) (little
man).
Association fibers provide communication between sensory and motor
◉ Ischemic penumbra. Answer: ischemic but not infarcted (salvageable)
tissue. Peri-infarct tissue.
-no structural damage
◉ Cerebral infarction. Answer: ischemic- white infarct (affected area is
pale and soft 6-12 hours after). necrosis appears by 48 to 72 hours.
Infiltration of macrophages and phagocytosis of necrotic tissue. necrosis
resolves around the 2nd week. glial scarring.
◉ excitotoxins. Answer: Toxins (usually amino acids) that overstimulate
glutamate release and cause neuron suicide.
◉ Agnosia. Answer: the inability to recognize familiar objects.
-tactile/spatial-parietal lobe
-Gerstmann syndrome (loss of spatial orientation of fingers, body, sides
and #s)- L angular gyrus (Parieral)
, -Object- Temporo-occipital area
-Associated with CVAs
◉ Subarachnoid hemorrhage. Answer: Bleeding into the subarachnoid
space, where the cerebrospinal fluid circulates.
-ruptured intracranial aneurysm/trauma
-IICP/irritates meningeal tissues/produces inflammation, blood coats
nerve roots, impairs CSF circulation
-compensatory increase in SBP
◉ Meningitis. Answer: Bacterial- Meningococcus and S. pneumococcus
bacteria are most common
Viral- Specific pathogen cannot be found in CSF
◉ Prostate cancer prevention. Answer: -Eat a low fat diet
- Slow growing cancer so DRE and PSA testing prevents
◉ BPH and the urinary system. Answer: - Chronic inflammation
-Bladder outflow obstruction
-Urge to pee often
-delay in starting stream
- Decreased force of stream
