Unit 8 Assignment C: Digestive System
The digestive system
Tongue
Mouth
Salivary Glands
Oesophagus
Liver
Stomach
Gall Bladder
Pancreas
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Appendix
Rectum
1. Tonsils: filter bacteria from food
2. Tongue: enable taste
3. Salivary Glands: secretes saliva. Saliva enables taste to be identified by the tongue
and palate. Contains amylase enzymes which digest carbohydrates (starch) and
softens food so that it can be swallowed.
4. Oesophagus: Muscular tube made up of 4 layers; mucus membrane (allows smooth
passage of food), submucosa (hold membrane in place), thick layer of circular
muscle, outer protective covering. Contraction of muscle pushes food to the
stomach
5. Liver: Gland in the abdomen. Oxygenated and nutrient rich blood enters liver and
deoxygenated blood leaves the liver. The liver performs many functions such as
storing glycogen, regulates blood glucose levels, making plasma protein’s and storing
fat soluble vitamins such as vitamin A.
6. Stomach: muscular bag located in the upper abdomen. Epithelial cells produce
gastric juice containing acid and enzymes to for chyme. Food remains in the stomach
for 1 to 3 hours.
, 7. Gall Bladder: stores bile form liver until it is needed.
8. Pancreas: soft pink gland located under stomach. Produces wide range of
hydrochloric enzymes to aid in the digestion of a wide range of foods.
9. Large Intestine: Located in the lower abdomen. Responsible for absorbing water and
electrolytes, produces and absorbs vitamins and pushes feces towards the rectum
for excretion.
10. Small Intestine: carries food after it exits the small intestine. Aids in the absorption of
nutrients from food with the help of villi which lines the wall of the small intestine.
11. Rectum: excretes feces
12. Appendix: contains lymphoid tissue and bacteria that help recolonize the gut
microbiota
Role of digestive enzymes
Amylase (saliva, pancreatic juice): Digests starch to create maltose
Pepsin (gastric glands in epithelium): digests proteins to make peptides
Trypsin (Pancreas): digests proteins and peptides to get amino acids
Lipase (pancreas): digests fats to get fatty acids and glycerol
Maltase (glands between villi): digests maltose to get glucose
Sucrase (glands between villi) : digests sucrose to get glucose and fructose
Lactase (glands between villi): digests lactose to get glucose and galactose
Pancreatic enzymes (glands between villi): digests peptides and fats to get amino
acids, fatty acids and glycerol
Dietary and digestive diseases
Irritable bowel Syndrome IBS (digestive)
Irritable bowel syndrome is a very common long-term condition of the digestive system. It
can be linked to an increasingly sensitive gut and any problems digesting food.
Symptoms
The main Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome include:
Constipation Flatulence
Bloating in the stomach area Nausea
Stomach pains/cramps Backache
Diarrhea Fatigue
Nutritional deficiency linked to IBS
Researcher have found a trend of sufferers of irritable bowel syndromes being vitamin D
deficient. Vitamin D is important in many areas of health such as the musculoskeletal system
The digestive system
Tongue
Mouth
Salivary Glands
Oesophagus
Liver
Stomach
Gall Bladder
Pancreas
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Appendix
Rectum
1. Tonsils: filter bacteria from food
2. Tongue: enable taste
3. Salivary Glands: secretes saliva. Saliva enables taste to be identified by the tongue
and palate. Contains amylase enzymes which digest carbohydrates (starch) and
softens food so that it can be swallowed.
4. Oesophagus: Muscular tube made up of 4 layers; mucus membrane (allows smooth
passage of food), submucosa (hold membrane in place), thick layer of circular
muscle, outer protective covering. Contraction of muscle pushes food to the
stomach
5. Liver: Gland in the abdomen. Oxygenated and nutrient rich blood enters liver and
deoxygenated blood leaves the liver. The liver performs many functions such as
storing glycogen, regulates blood glucose levels, making plasma protein’s and storing
fat soluble vitamins such as vitamin A.
6. Stomach: muscular bag located in the upper abdomen. Epithelial cells produce
gastric juice containing acid and enzymes to for chyme. Food remains in the stomach
for 1 to 3 hours.
, 7. Gall Bladder: stores bile form liver until it is needed.
8. Pancreas: soft pink gland located under stomach. Produces wide range of
hydrochloric enzymes to aid in the digestion of a wide range of foods.
9. Large Intestine: Located in the lower abdomen. Responsible for absorbing water and
electrolytes, produces and absorbs vitamins and pushes feces towards the rectum
for excretion.
10. Small Intestine: carries food after it exits the small intestine. Aids in the absorption of
nutrients from food with the help of villi which lines the wall of the small intestine.
11. Rectum: excretes feces
12. Appendix: contains lymphoid tissue and bacteria that help recolonize the gut
microbiota
Role of digestive enzymes
Amylase (saliva, pancreatic juice): Digests starch to create maltose
Pepsin (gastric glands in epithelium): digests proteins to make peptides
Trypsin (Pancreas): digests proteins and peptides to get amino acids
Lipase (pancreas): digests fats to get fatty acids and glycerol
Maltase (glands between villi): digests maltose to get glucose
Sucrase (glands between villi) : digests sucrose to get glucose and fructose
Lactase (glands between villi): digests lactose to get glucose and galactose
Pancreatic enzymes (glands between villi): digests peptides and fats to get amino
acids, fatty acids and glycerol
Dietary and digestive diseases
Irritable bowel Syndrome IBS (digestive)
Irritable bowel syndrome is a very common long-term condition of the digestive system. It
can be linked to an increasingly sensitive gut and any problems digesting food.
Symptoms
The main Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome include:
Constipation Flatulence
Bloating in the stomach area Nausea
Stomach pains/cramps Backache
Diarrhea Fatigue
Nutritional deficiency linked to IBS
Researcher have found a trend of sufferers of irritable bowel syndromes being vitamin D
deficient. Vitamin D is important in many areas of health such as the musculoskeletal system
