Page |1
NR 565 - Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals NR-
565 Midterm Exam Concept Based Questions with
Correct Detailed Answers | 100% Pass | Already
Graded A+
In which patient population is Metformin contraindicated in?
A. Diabetics with HA1c < 7.0%
B. Patients older than 50
C. Alcoholics
D. Women suffering from infertility
C. Alcoholics
What lab value suggests metformin might be contraindicated?
A. eGFR <30
B. Crea 0.8
C. WBC 7.8
D. Bun 17
A. eGFR <30
What medication is contraindicated to treat diabetes if a patient already has a cardiac ejection fraction rate
of 40%?
A. Second Generation sulfonyureas
B. Thiazolidinediones
C. Dopamine Agonist
D. Glucosidase Inhibitor
B. Thiazolidinediones
Sabrina is a 35-year-old female who presents with complaints of fatigue, anxiety, and palpitations. She has a
long history of obesity and reports that she is happy that she has lost 23 pounds in the last 2 months. She also
reports that she has trouble sleeping and her husband complains that she is keeping the house too cold.
Physical exam reveals slight tachycardia at 104 bpm and a slightly enlarged thyroid. Thyroid testing reveals
, Page |2
hyperthyroidism or Grave's disease.
Which of the following agents is the first-line treatment for hyperthyroidism or Grave's disease?
A. Methimazole
B. Metoprolol
C. Allopurinol
D. Levothyroxine
A. Methimazole
Which of the following medications would be considered the first line of treatment for a newly diagnosed
Diabetic patient with adequate renal and hepatic function?
A: NovoLog Sliding Scale Insulin
B: Liraglutide (Victoza)
C: Oral Metformin
D: Glipizide
C: Oral Metformin
Of the following medications, which is most likely to cause hypoglycemia?
A. Metformin
B. Insulin
C. Incretin mimetics
D. Thiazolidinediones
B. Insulin
Which symptoms are most expected of a patient diagnosed with hypothyroidism?
A. shortness of breath, wheezing, fatigue
B. tachycardia, insomnia, weight loss, goiter
C. irritability, anxiety, dizziness, increased sweating
D. dry pale skin, brittle hair, fatigue, myxedema
D. dry skin, brittle hair, fatigue, myxedema
Patients with an increased risk for UTIs and genital infections or an active diagnosis, should avoid what drug
class/es for treatment of Type II Diabetes?
A. Thiazolidinediones (Glitazones)
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B. Biguanide.
C. Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) Inhibitors.
D. All of the above.
C. Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) Inhibitors.
A 45-year-old patient with a history of type 2 diabetes presents to the clinic for a follow-up appointment. The
healthcare provider has prescribed metformin as part of the treatment plan. Which of the following
statements regarding metformin is correct?
A. Metformin primarily stimulates insulin production from the pancreas.
B. Metformin reduces glucose levels primarily by decreasing insulin resistance.
C. Metformin is associated with a risk of hypoglycemia.
D. Metformin improves insulin sensitivity and reduces hepatic glucose production.
D. Metformin improves insulin sensitivity and reduces hepatic glucose production.
In what part of the body are SGLT-2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitors active?
A. Small intestine
B. Pancreas
C. Renal tubules
D. Stomach
C. Renal tubules
Which of the following statements is not true regarding sulfonylureas?
A. Sulonlyreas are safe to prescribe to pregnant and/or breast-feeding women.
B. Patients should be educated about signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia.
C. Sulfonylureas cause a dose-dependent reduction in blood glucose.
D. Sulfonylureas are indicated for only patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
A. Sulonlyreas are safe to prescribe to pregnant and/or breast-feeding women.
A 33 year old woman previously diagnosed with hyperthyroidism noted have tachycardia. Which medication
should the NP add to the patients regimen?
A. atenolol
B. levothyroxine
C. lithium
D. semaglutide
, Page |4
A. atenolol
Once a patient's thyroid is euthyroid and their dose can be maintained at the prescription, at what interval
should their TSH be re-checked?
A. every 18 months
B. every 12 months
C. every 6 months
D. every 24 months
B. every 12 months
Which of the following medications reduces the absorption of levothyroxine?
A. Warfarin
B. Rifampin
C. Insulin
D. Omeprazole
D. Omeprazole
Which of the following diabetic medications are most likely to cause hypoglycemia?
A. biguanides
B. thiazolidinediones (TZDs)
C. sulfonylureas
D. dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i)
C. sulfonylureas
The mechanism of action of insulin is best described as
A. Reduces the reabsorption of glucose, increasing urinary excretion of glucose.
B. Anabolic, energy conservation, and promotes cellular growth and division.
C. Reduces glucose levels primarily by decreasing insulin resistance.
D. Promotes insulin secretion by the pancreas.
B. Anabolic, energy conservation, and promotes cellular growth and division.
An 18 year old asthmatic patient reports to their routine annual exam. The patient reports asthma symptoms
occur 4-5 times a week with once weekly night time exacerbations. The patient is most likely diagnosed with:
NR 565 - Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals NR-
565 Midterm Exam Concept Based Questions with
Correct Detailed Answers | 100% Pass | Already
Graded A+
In which patient population is Metformin contraindicated in?
A. Diabetics with HA1c < 7.0%
B. Patients older than 50
C. Alcoholics
D. Women suffering from infertility
C. Alcoholics
What lab value suggests metformin might be contraindicated?
A. eGFR <30
B. Crea 0.8
C. WBC 7.8
D. Bun 17
A. eGFR <30
What medication is contraindicated to treat diabetes if a patient already has a cardiac ejection fraction rate
of 40%?
A. Second Generation sulfonyureas
B. Thiazolidinediones
C. Dopamine Agonist
D. Glucosidase Inhibitor
B. Thiazolidinediones
Sabrina is a 35-year-old female who presents with complaints of fatigue, anxiety, and palpitations. She has a
long history of obesity and reports that she is happy that she has lost 23 pounds in the last 2 months. She also
reports that she has trouble sleeping and her husband complains that she is keeping the house too cold.
Physical exam reveals slight tachycardia at 104 bpm and a slightly enlarged thyroid. Thyroid testing reveals
, Page |2
hyperthyroidism or Grave's disease.
Which of the following agents is the first-line treatment for hyperthyroidism or Grave's disease?
A. Methimazole
B. Metoprolol
C. Allopurinol
D. Levothyroxine
A. Methimazole
Which of the following medications would be considered the first line of treatment for a newly diagnosed
Diabetic patient with adequate renal and hepatic function?
A: NovoLog Sliding Scale Insulin
B: Liraglutide (Victoza)
C: Oral Metformin
D: Glipizide
C: Oral Metformin
Of the following medications, which is most likely to cause hypoglycemia?
A. Metformin
B. Insulin
C. Incretin mimetics
D. Thiazolidinediones
B. Insulin
Which symptoms are most expected of a patient diagnosed with hypothyroidism?
A. shortness of breath, wheezing, fatigue
B. tachycardia, insomnia, weight loss, goiter
C. irritability, anxiety, dizziness, increased sweating
D. dry pale skin, brittle hair, fatigue, myxedema
D. dry skin, brittle hair, fatigue, myxedema
Patients with an increased risk for UTIs and genital infections or an active diagnosis, should avoid what drug
class/es for treatment of Type II Diabetes?
A. Thiazolidinediones (Glitazones)
, Page |3
B. Biguanide.
C. Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) Inhibitors.
D. All of the above.
C. Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) Inhibitors.
A 45-year-old patient with a history of type 2 diabetes presents to the clinic for a follow-up appointment. The
healthcare provider has prescribed metformin as part of the treatment plan. Which of the following
statements regarding metformin is correct?
A. Metformin primarily stimulates insulin production from the pancreas.
B. Metformin reduces glucose levels primarily by decreasing insulin resistance.
C. Metformin is associated with a risk of hypoglycemia.
D. Metformin improves insulin sensitivity and reduces hepatic glucose production.
D. Metformin improves insulin sensitivity and reduces hepatic glucose production.
In what part of the body are SGLT-2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitors active?
A. Small intestine
B. Pancreas
C. Renal tubules
D. Stomach
C. Renal tubules
Which of the following statements is not true regarding sulfonylureas?
A. Sulonlyreas are safe to prescribe to pregnant and/or breast-feeding women.
B. Patients should be educated about signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia.
C. Sulfonylureas cause a dose-dependent reduction in blood glucose.
D. Sulfonylureas are indicated for only patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
A. Sulonlyreas are safe to prescribe to pregnant and/or breast-feeding women.
A 33 year old woman previously diagnosed with hyperthyroidism noted have tachycardia. Which medication
should the NP add to the patients regimen?
A. atenolol
B. levothyroxine
C. lithium
D. semaglutide
, Page |4
A. atenolol
Once a patient's thyroid is euthyroid and their dose can be maintained at the prescription, at what interval
should their TSH be re-checked?
A. every 18 months
B. every 12 months
C. every 6 months
D. every 24 months
B. every 12 months
Which of the following medications reduces the absorption of levothyroxine?
A. Warfarin
B. Rifampin
C. Insulin
D. Omeprazole
D. Omeprazole
Which of the following diabetic medications are most likely to cause hypoglycemia?
A. biguanides
B. thiazolidinediones (TZDs)
C. sulfonylureas
D. dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i)
C. sulfonylureas
The mechanism of action of insulin is best described as
A. Reduces the reabsorption of glucose, increasing urinary excretion of glucose.
B. Anabolic, energy conservation, and promotes cellular growth and division.
C. Reduces glucose levels primarily by decreasing insulin resistance.
D. Promotes insulin secretion by the pancreas.
B. Anabolic, energy conservation, and promotes cellular growth and division.
An 18 year old asthmatic patient reports to their routine annual exam. The patient reports asthma symptoms
occur 4-5 times a week with once weekly night time exacerbations. The patient is most likely diagnosed with:
