Pearson Reading Test – Study Guide with Key Concepts
and Practice Questions
Accuracy (part of fluency): - correct answer ✔✔ Reading words in text with no errors.
Advanced Phonics - correct answer ✔✔ Strategies for decoding multisyllabic words that include
morphology and information about the meaning, pronunciation, and parts of speech of words
gained from knowledge of prefixes, roots, and suffixes.
Affix: - correct answer ✔✔ A general term that refers to prefixes and suffixes.
After Reading Comprehension Strategies: - correct answer ✔✔ Strategies that require the
reader to actively transform key information in text that has been read (e.g., summarizing,
retelling).
Aligned Materials: - correct answer ✔✔ Student materials (texts, activities, manipulatives,
homework, etc.) that reinforce classroom instruction of specific skills in reading.
Alliteration: - correct answer ✔✔ The repetition of the initial phoneme of each word in
connected text (e.g., Harry the happy hippo hula-hoops with Henrietta).
Alphabetic Principle - correct answer ✔✔ The concept that letters and letter combinations
represent
individual phonemes in written words.
Ample Opportunities for Student Practice: - correct answer ✔✔ Students are asked to apply
what they have been taught in order to accomplish specific reading tasks. Practice should follow
,in a logical relationship with what has just been taught. Once skills are internalized, students are
provided with more opportunities to independently implement previously learned information.
Analogy: - correct answer ✔✔ Comparing two sets of words to show some common similarity
between the sets. When done as a vocabulary exercise this requires producing one of the words
(e.g., cat is to kitten: as dog is to _____?).
Antonym: - correct answer ✔✔ A word opposite in meaning to another word.
Automaticity: - correct answer ✔✔ Reading without conscious effort or attention to decoding.
Background Knowledge: - correct answer ✔✔ Forming connections between the text and the
information and experiences of the reader.
Base Word: - correct answer ✔✔ A unit of meaning that can stand alone as a whole word (e.g.,
friend, pig). Also called a free morpheme.
Before Reading Comprehension Strategies: - correct answer ✔✔ Strategies employed to
emphasize the importance of preparing students to read text (e.g., activate prior knowledge, set
a purpose for reading).
Blending: - correct answer ✔✔ The task of combining sounds rapidly, to accurately represent
the word.
Bloom's Taxonomy: - correct answer ✔✔ A system for categorizing levels of abstraction of
questions that commonly occur in educational settings. Includes the following competencies:
knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evalua
, Chunked Text: - correct answer ✔✔ Continuous text that has been separated into meaningful
phrases often with the use of single and double slash marks (/ and //). The intent of using
chunked text
or chunking text is to give children an opportunity to practice reading phrases fluently. There is
no absolute in chunking text. Teachers should use judgment when teaching students how to
chunk. Generally, slash marks are made between subject and predicate, and before and after
prepositional phrases.
Chunking: - correct answer ✔✔ A decoding strategy for breaking words into manageable parts
(e.g., /yes
/ter/ day). Chunking also refers to the process of dividing a sentence into smaller
phrases where pauses might occur naturally (e.g., When the sun appeared after the
storm, / the newly fallen snow /shimmered like diamonds).
Coaching: - correct answer ✔✔ A professional development process of supporting teachers in
implementing new classroom practices by providing new content and information, modeling
related
teaching strategies, and offering on-going feedback as teachers master new practices.
Coarticulation: - correct answer ✔✔ When saying words our mouth is always ready for the next
sound to be made. While saying one sound, the lips, tongue, etc., are starting to form the sound
to follow. This can distort individual sounds during speech because the sounds are not produced
in isolated units (e.g., ham- the /m/ blends with the /a/ to distort the vowel). This process is
called coarticulation.
Because of coarticulation, some children have difficulty hearing the individual sounds in words
and the concept of phonemes needs to be explicitly brought to their attention
through instruction.
Cognates: - correct answer ✔✔ Words that are related to each other by virtue of being derived
from a common origin (e.g., 'decisive' and 'decision').
and Practice Questions
Accuracy (part of fluency): - correct answer ✔✔ Reading words in text with no errors.
Advanced Phonics - correct answer ✔✔ Strategies for decoding multisyllabic words that include
morphology and information about the meaning, pronunciation, and parts of speech of words
gained from knowledge of prefixes, roots, and suffixes.
Affix: - correct answer ✔✔ A general term that refers to prefixes and suffixes.
After Reading Comprehension Strategies: - correct answer ✔✔ Strategies that require the
reader to actively transform key information in text that has been read (e.g., summarizing,
retelling).
Aligned Materials: - correct answer ✔✔ Student materials (texts, activities, manipulatives,
homework, etc.) that reinforce classroom instruction of specific skills in reading.
Alliteration: - correct answer ✔✔ The repetition of the initial phoneme of each word in
connected text (e.g., Harry the happy hippo hula-hoops with Henrietta).
Alphabetic Principle - correct answer ✔✔ The concept that letters and letter combinations
represent
individual phonemes in written words.
Ample Opportunities for Student Practice: - correct answer ✔✔ Students are asked to apply
what they have been taught in order to accomplish specific reading tasks. Practice should follow
,in a logical relationship with what has just been taught. Once skills are internalized, students are
provided with more opportunities to independently implement previously learned information.
Analogy: - correct answer ✔✔ Comparing two sets of words to show some common similarity
between the sets. When done as a vocabulary exercise this requires producing one of the words
(e.g., cat is to kitten: as dog is to _____?).
Antonym: - correct answer ✔✔ A word opposite in meaning to another word.
Automaticity: - correct answer ✔✔ Reading without conscious effort or attention to decoding.
Background Knowledge: - correct answer ✔✔ Forming connections between the text and the
information and experiences of the reader.
Base Word: - correct answer ✔✔ A unit of meaning that can stand alone as a whole word (e.g.,
friend, pig). Also called a free morpheme.
Before Reading Comprehension Strategies: - correct answer ✔✔ Strategies employed to
emphasize the importance of preparing students to read text (e.g., activate prior knowledge, set
a purpose for reading).
Blending: - correct answer ✔✔ The task of combining sounds rapidly, to accurately represent
the word.
Bloom's Taxonomy: - correct answer ✔✔ A system for categorizing levels of abstraction of
questions that commonly occur in educational settings. Includes the following competencies:
knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evalua
, Chunked Text: - correct answer ✔✔ Continuous text that has been separated into meaningful
phrases often with the use of single and double slash marks (/ and //). The intent of using
chunked text
or chunking text is to give children an opportunity to practice reading phrases fluently. There is
no absolute in chunking text. Teachers should use judgment when teaching students how to
chunk. Generally, slash marks are made between subject and predicate, and before and after
prepositional phrases.
Chunking: - correct answer ✔✔ A decoding strategy for breaking words into manageable parts
(e.g., /yes
/ter/ day). Chunking also refers to the process of dividing a sentence into smaller
phrases where pauses might occur naturally (e.g., When the sun appeared after the
storm, / the newly fallen snow /shimmered like diamonds).
Coaching: - correct answer ✔✔ A professional development process of supporting teachers in
implementing new classroom practices by providing new content and information, modeling
related
teaching strategies, and offering on-going feedback as teachers master new practices.
Coarticulation: - correct answer ✔✔ When saying words our mouth is always ready for the next
sound to be made. While saying one sound, the lips, tongue, etc., are starting to form the sound
to follow. This can distort individual sounds during speech because the sounds are not produced
in isolated units (e.g., ham- the /m/ blends with the /a/ to distort the vowel). This process is
called coarticulation.
Because of coarticulation, some children have difficulty hearing the individual sounds in words
and the concept of phonemes needs to be explicitly brought to their attention
through instruction.
Cognates: - correct answer ✔✔ Words that are related to each other by virtue of being derived
from a common origin (e.g., 'decisive' and 'decision').
