Notes
Bones & Joints
Bone Key Features Clinical Notes
Most commonly fractured;
Clavicle S-shaped
midshaft → radial nerve risk
Rarely fractured; important for
Scapula Spine, acromion, glenoid
shoulder articulation
Midshaft → radial nerve → wrist
Humerus Head, shaft, epicondyles
drop; distal → median/ulnar risk
Distal → Colles fracture (“dinner
Radius Proximal head, tuberosity
fork” deformity)
Olecranon fractures common;
Ulna Olecranon, coronoid
check elbow function
Scaphoid most commonly
Carpals (8 Mnemonic: Some Lovers Try
fractured → risk of avascular
bones) Positions That They Can’t Handle
necrosis
Joint Type Movements
Shoulder Ball-and-socket Flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, rotation
Elbow Hinge Flexion/extension, minor pronation/supination
Wrist Condyloid Flexion/extension, radial/ulnar deviation
Muscles & Nerves
Action Muscle Nerve Clinical Check
Biceps brachii,
Elbow flexion Musculocutaneous Flex against resistance
Brachialis
Extend against
Elbow extension Triceps brachii Radial
resistance / reflex
Upper Limb Anatomy High Yield Notes 1