PN4003 | PN 4003 FINAL |
VARIATIONS IN HEALTH EXAM |
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS | 100%
CORRECT | GRADE A – SCC
The mean age of onset for major depressive disorder is about
- Correct Answer - 40 years, with 50 percent of all patients
having an onset between the ages of 20 and 50 years. Major
depressive disorder can also begin in childhood or in old age.
Recent epidemiological data suggest that the incidence of
major depressive disorder may be
- Correct Answer - increasing among people younger than 20
years of age. This may be related to the increased use of
alcohol and drugs of abuse in this age group.
Until recently, the monoamine neurotransmitters—
norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, and histamine
,- Correct Answer - were the main focus of theories and
research about the etiology of these disorders.
A progressive shift has occurred from focusing on disturbances
of single neurotransmitter systems in favor of
- Correct Answer - studying neurobehavioral systems, neural
circuits, and more intricate neuroregulatory mechanisms.
The monoaminergic systems
- Correct Answer - are now viewed as broader,
neuromodulatory systems, and disturbances are as likely to be
secondary or epiphenomenal effects as they are directly or
causally related to etiology and pathogenesis
Of the biogenic amines
- Correct Answer - norepinephrine and serotonin are the two
neurotransmitters most implicated in the pathophysiology of
mood disorders.
NOREPINEPHRINE The clinical effectiveness of
antidepressant drugs with noradrenergic effects—for example,
venlafaxine (Effexor)
,- Correct Answer - further supports a role for norepinephrine in
the pathophysiology of at least some of the symptoms of
depression
SEROTONIN With the huge effect that the selective serotonin
reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)— for example, fluoxetine (Prozac)
- Correct Answer - have made on the treatment of depression,
serotonin has become the biogenic amine neurotransmitter
most commonly associated with depression.
The identification of multiple serotonin receptor subtypes has
also
- Correct Answer - increased the excitement within the
research community about the development of even more
specific treatments for depression.
SSRIs and other serotonergic antidepressants are effective in
the treatment of
- Correct Answer - depression, other data indicate that
serotonin is involved in the pathophysiology of depression
Depletion of serotonin may
, - Correct Answer - precipitate depression, and some patients
with suicidal impulses have low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
concentrations of serotonin metabolites and low concentrations
of serotonin uptake sites on platelets.
Although norepinephrine and serotonin are the biogenic amines
most often associated with the pathophysiology of depression, -
Correct Answer - dopamine has also been theorized to play a
role. The data suggest that dopamine activity may be reduced
in depression and increased in mania
Drugs that reduce dopamine concentrations—for example,
reserpine (Serpasil)— - Correct Answer - and diseases that
reduce dopamine concentrations (e.g., Parkinson's disease)
are associated with depressive symptoms
Drugs that increase dopamine concentrations - Correct Answer
- such as tyrosine, amphetamine, and bupropion (Wellbutrin),
reduce the symptoms of depression
Two recent theories about dopamine and depression are that -
Correct Answer - the mesolimbic dopamine pathway may be
VARIATIONS IN HEALTH EXAM |
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS | 100%
CORRECT | GRADE A – SCC
The mean age of onset for major depressive disorder is about
- Correct Answer - 40 years, with 50 percent of all patients
having an onset between the ages of 20 and 50 years. Major
depressive disorder can also begin in childhood or in old age.
Recent epidemiological data suggest that the incidence of
major depressive disorder may be
- Correct Answer - increasing among people younger than 20
years of age. This may be related to the increased use of
alcohol and drugs of abuse in this age group.
Until recently, the monoamine neurotransmitters—
norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, and histamine
,- Correct Answer - were the main focus of theories and
research about the etiology of these disorders.
A progressive shift has occurred from focusing on disturbances
of single neurotransmitter systems in favor of
- Correct Answer - studying neurobehavioral systems, neural
circuits, and more intricate neuroregulatory mechanisms.
The monoaminergic systems
- Correct Answer - are now viewed as broader,
neuromodulatory systems, and disturbances are as likely to be
secondary or epiphenomenal effects as they are directly or
causally related to etiology and pathogenesis
Of the biogenic amines
- Correct Answer - norepinephrine and serotonin are the two
neurotransmitters most implicated in the pathophysiology of
mood disorders.
NOREPINEPHRINE The clinical effectiveness of
antidepressant drugs with noradrenergic effects—for example,
venlafaxine (Effexor)
,- Correct Answer - further supports a role for norepinephrine in
the pathophysiology of at least some of the symptoms of
depression
SEROTONIN With the huge effect that the selective serotonin
reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)— for example, fluoxetine (Prozac)
- Correct Answer - have made on the treatment of depression,
serotonin has become the biogenic amine neurotransmitter
most commonly associated with depression.
The identification of multiple serotonin receptor subtypes has
also
- Correct Answer - increased the excitement within the
research community about the development of even more
specific treatments for depression.
SSRIs and other serotonergic antidepressants are effective in
the treatment of
- Correct Answer - depression, other data indicate that
serotonin is involved in the pathophysiology of depression
Depletion of serotonin may
, - Correct Answer - precipitate depression, and some patients
with suicidal impulses have low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
concentrations of serotonin metabolites and low concentrations
of serotonin uptake sites on platelets.
Although norepinephrine and serotonin are the biogenic amines
most often associated with the pathophysiology of depression, -
Correct Answer - dopamine has also been theorized to play a
role. The data suggest that dopamine activity may be reduced
in depression and increased in mania
Drugs that reduce dopamine concentrations—for example,
reserpine (Serpasil)— - Correct Answer - and diseases that
reduce dopamine concentrations (e.g., Parkinson's disease)
are associated with depressive symptoms
Drugs that increase dopamine concentrations - Correct Answer
- such as tyrosine, amphetamine, and bupropion (Wellbutrin),
reduce the symptoms of depression
Two recent theories about dopamine and depression are that -
Correct Answer - the mesolimbic dopamine pathway may be
