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Who were the key figures in the development of nuclear magnetic
resonance (NMR)?
Felix Bloch and Edward Purcell studied NMR of water and contributed
to the understanding of nuclear magnetism.
What significant discovery did Raymond Damadian make regarding
malignant tissues?
Damadian discovered that malignant tissues have a different NMR
spectrum than normal tissue, showing differences in proton density,
spin lattice, relaxation time, and spin-spin relaxation time.
What imaging method did Paul Lauterbur develop?
Lauterbur developed the first imaging method using multiple magnetic
field gradients, known as zeugmatography.
,What factors control the rotation of the net magnetization vector in
MRI?
The rotation is controlled by the strength of the radiofrequency (RF)
pulse and the duration of the RF pulse.
What is the role of the magnetic field gradient in MRI?
The magnetic field gradient spoils the homogeneity of the magnet and
provides spatial localization.
What is bandwidth in MRI, and how does it relate to the quality of an RF
pulse?
Bandwidth is the range of frequencies contained within the RF pulse;
the quality value (Q) of a pulse is the center frequency divided by the
bandwidth, with higher Q indicating narrower bandwidth.
What is the effect of a pulsed gradient magnetic field on net
magnetization vectors?
During the pulsed gradient, each voxel's net magnetization vector
precesses at a frequency determined by its position; when the gradient
is turned off, the vectors return to the same frequency but retain a
phase difference.
, What is the purpose of phase encoding in MRI?
Phase encoding selects a particular spatial frequency in one direction
within the selected slice, allowing for two-dimensional imaging.
What did Hans Orsted demonstrate in relation to electromagnetism?
Orsted demonstrated that a magnetic field is always associated with a
moving charged particle.
What is the isocenter in the context of MRI?
The isocenter is the position where the gradient is zero; moving away
from it increases or diminishes the magnetic field.
How does slice selection work in MRI?
Slice selection is determined by the steepness of the magnetic field
gradient and the bandwidth of the RF pulse; a steeper gradient and
narrower bandwidth result in thinner slices.