1|Page
NR 546 FINAL EXAM VERSION 1 AND VERSION 2 NEWEST
2026 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
|ALREADY GRADED A+
Chronic condition characterized by extreme fluctuations in mood,
energy, and ability to function
-Moods may be manic, hypomanic, or depressed and may include
mixed mood or psychotic features
-many have only experienced only one manic episode in their
lifetime
-Mood fluctuations may be separated by periods of high stability or
may cycle rapidly
-diagnosed when a client has one or more episodes of mania or
hypomania with a history of one or more major depressive episodes
-high risk for suicide - ANSWERS--Bipolar disorder (BD)
characterized by a persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable
mood. Related symptoms may include inflated self-esteem,
increased goal-directed activity or energy, including grandiosity,
decreased need for sleep, excessive talkativeness, racing thoughts,
flight of ideas (FOI), distractibility, psychomotor agitation, and a
propensity to be involved in high-risk activities. Mania leads to
significant functional impairment and may include psychotic features
or necessitate hospitalization - ANSWERS--mania
,2|Page
requires at least one episode of mania for at least one week (or any
duration if hospitalization due to symptoms is required) - ANSWERS--
Bipolar Type I:
diagnosis requires a current or past hypomanic episode and a current
or past major depressive episode. Symptoms last for at least 4 days
but fewer than seven.
-Hypomanic symptoms are not of sufficient duration or severity to
cause significant functional impairment, psychosis, or hospitalization.
-Anger and irritability are common.
-Clients often enjoy the elevation of mood and are reluctant to
report these symptoms, making bipolar more difficult to diagnose if
the client presents in the depression phase. - ANSWERS--Bipolar
Type II:
involves the chronic presentation of hypomanic and depressive
symptoms that do not meet the diagnostic criteria for a major
depressive or manic/hypomanic episode. - ANSWERS--Cyclothymia:
antidepressant therapy may precipitate a manic episode or induce
rapid-cycling bipolar depression
-may contribute to the increased incidence of death by suicide in
children and adults younger than 25 - ANSWERS--If bipolar
depression is mistaken for MDD:
monotherapy
,3|Page
-Antidepressants should be combined with a mood stabilizer to
prevent the onset of a hypomanic or manic episode - ANSWERS--
Antidepressants are used cautiously in clients with bipolar disorder
and never as ________________.
Decreased positive affect:
depressed mood
loss of joy
lack of interest
loss of energy
decreased alertness
decreased self-confidence
appetite changes - ANSWERS--DA, NE Dysfunction causes what mood
related symptoms
Increased negative affect:
depressed mood
guilt
fear/anxiety
hostility
irritability
loneliness
appetite changes - ANSWERS--5HT, NE Dysfunction causes what
mood related symptoms
, 4|Page
-depression occurs as a result of a deficiency of one or all three
monoamine transmitters
• serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine
-while mania may result from an excess - ANSWERS--monoamine
hypothesis of depression
• Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
• Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
• Norepinephrine Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors (NDRI)
• Serotonin Antagonist and Reuptake Inhibitors (SARIs) - ANSWERS--
Medication Management for Depression, First-Line Treatment:
Mechanism of action
• inhibit 5-HT reuptake
Adverse effects
-diarrhea
-headache
-weight gain
-sexual side effects - ANSWERS--SSRI's
Mechanism of action
• inhibit 5-HT reuptake
• inhibit NE reuptake (increase energy, focus)
• increase DA in prefrontal cortex (increase cognition)
Adverse effects
NR 546 FINAL EXAM VERSION 1 AND VERSION 2 NEWEST
2026 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
|ALREADY GRADED A+
Chronic condition characterized by extreme fluctuations in mood,
energy, and ability to function
-Moods may be manic, hypomanic, or depressed and may include
mixed mood or psychotic features
-many have only experienced only one manic episode in their
lifetime
-Mood fluctuations may be separated by periods of high stability or
may cycle rapidly
-diagnosed when a client has one or more episodes of mania or
hypomania with a history of one or more major depressive episodes
-high risk for suicide - ANSWERS--Bipolar disorder (BD)
characterized by a persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable
mood. Related symptoms may include inflated self-esteem,
increased goal-directed activity or energy, including grandiosity,
decreased need for sleep, excessive talkativeness, racing thoughts,
flight of ideas (FOI), distractibility, psychomotor agitation, and a
propensity to be involved in high-risk activities. Mania leads to
significant functional impairment and may include psychotic features
or necessitate hospitalization - ANSWERS--mania
,2|Page
requires at least one episode of mania for at least one week (or any
duration if hospitalization due to symptoms is required) - ANSWERS--
Bipolar Type I:
diagnosis requires a current or past hypomanic episode and a current
or past major depressive episode. Symptoms last for at least 4 days
but fewer than seven.
-Hypomanic symptoms are not of sufficient duration or severity to
cause significant functional impairment, psychosis, or hospitalization.
-Anger and irritability are common.
-Clients often enjoy the elevation of mood and are reluctant to
report these symptoms, making bipolar more difficult to diagnose if
the client presents in the depression phase. - ANSWERS--Bipolar
Type II:
involves the chronic presentation of hypomanic and depressive
symptoms that do not meet the diagnostic criteria for a major
depressive or manic/hypomanic episode. - ANSWERS--Cyclothymia:
antidepressant therapy may precipitate a manic episode or induce
rapid-cycling bipolar depression
-may contribute to the increased incidence of death by suicide in
children and adults younger than 25 - ANSWERS--If bipolar
depression is mistaken for MDD:
monotherapy
,3|Page
-Antidepressants should be combined with a mood stabilizer to
prevent the onset of a hypomanic or manic episode - ANSWERS--
Antidepressants are used cautiously in clients with bipolar disorder
and never as ________________.
Decreased positive affect:
depressed mood
loss of joy
lack of interest
loss of energy
decreased alertness
decreased self-confidence
appetite changes - ANSWERS--DA, NE Dysfunction causes what mood
related symptoms
Increased negative affect:
depressed mood
guilt
fear/anxiety
hostility
irritability
loneliness
appetite changes - ANSWERS--5HT, NE Dysfunction causes what
mood related symptoms
, 4|Page
-depression occurs as a result of a deficiency of one or all three
monoamine transmitters
• serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine
-while mania may result from an excess - ANSWERS--monoamine
hypothesis of depression
• Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
• Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
• Norepinephrine Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors (NDRI)
• Serotonin Antagonist and Reuptake Inhibitors (SARIs) - ANSWERS--
Medication Management for Depression, First-Line Treatment:
Mechanism of action
• inhibit 5-HT reuptake
Adverse effects
-diarrhea
-headache
-weight gain
-sexual side effects - ANSWERS--SSRI's
Mechanism of action
• inhibit 5-HT reuptake
• inhibit NE reuptake (increase energy, focus)
• increase DA in prefrontal cortex (increase cognition)
Adverse effects
