Political Science Exam Study Set Questions with Correct Answers| Latest Update
Guaranteed Success
Free rider/Collective action problem Each individual decides it's not in their immediate
interest to contribute toward a larger goal; people benefit without contributing.
Collective goods Goods that benefit every individual belonging to some group, and where it
is hard to exclude any individual from that benefit.
Principal-agent problem Concerns the difficulty in motivating one party, to act in the best
interest of another.
Democracy - Representative Is a system of gov. in which the population selects
representatives, who play a significant role in governmental decision making.
Democracy - Direct A system of rule that permits citizens to vote directly on laws and
policies. No direct democracy at federal level.
Oligarchy A form of government in which a small group-- landowners, military officers, or
wealthy merchants-- control most of the governing decisions
Autocracy system of government where one person has absolute power.
2010 Healthcare Reform (main features) - insurance companies cannot drop people
coverage when they get sick or deny coverage to children under 19 due to a pre-existing
condition
- all Americans either buy health insurance or pay a 1% - 2.5% tax.
- young adults get to stay in their parents' plan until the age of 26
- Medicaid expand to $15,865.
- Companies with more than 50 or more employee but not offering healthcare will pay a
, required fee.
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius This was the landmark Supreme
Court decision that upheld the Affordable care act. The federal govt has the power to make ppl
buy heath care coverage through its taxing powers. Medicaid expansion states have the option
to opt in or opt out, for those that opt in the federal government will pay.
Popular sovereignty A principle of democracy in which political authority rests ultimately in
the hands of the people
Political equality political equality refers to a situation where all citizens of a particular
country are free to exercise their political freedom through the voting process. They can elect
or remove an official from any political office. This freedom is usually entrenched in the
constitution of the given country.
Deliberative will a form of democracy in which deliberation is central to decision making
Articles of Confederation This document, the nation's first constitution, was adopted by the
second continental congress in 1781 during the revolution. The document was limited because
states held most of the power, and congress lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control
coinage
Virginia Plan Initial proposal at the Constitutional Convention for a strong central
government with a bicameral legislature. It called for representation based on state population.
New Jersey Plan proposal at the Constitutional Convention that called for equal
representation of each state in Congress regardless of the state's population and size.
Great Compromise the agreement by which Congress would have two houses, the Senate
(where each state gets equal representation-two senators) and the House of Representatives
(where representation is based on population).
Guaranteed Success
Free rider/Collective action problem Each individual decides it's not in their immediate
interest to contribute toward a larger goal; people benefit without contributing.
Collective goods Goods that benefit every individual belonging to some group, and where it
is hard to exclude any individual from that benefit.
Principal-agent problem Concerns the difficulty in motivating one party, to act in the best
interest of another.
Democracy - Representative Is a system of gov. in which the population selects
representatives, who play a significant role in governmental decision making.
Democracy - Direct A system of rule that permits citizens to vote directly on laws and
policies. No direct democracy at federal level.
Oligarchy A form of government in which a small group-- landowners, military officers, or
wealthy merchants-- control most of the governing decisions
Autocracy system of government where one person has absolute power.
2010 Healthcare Reform (main features) - insurance companies cannot drop people
coverage when they get sick or deny coverage to children under 19 due to a pre-existing
condition
- all Americans either buy health insurance or pay a 1% - 2.5% tax.
- young adults get to stay in their parents' plan until the age of 26
- Medicaid expand to $15,865.
- Companies with more than 50 or more employee but not offering healthcare will pay a
, required fee.
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius This was the landmark Supreme
Court decision that upheld the Affordable care act. The federal govt has the power to make ppl
buy heath care coverage through its taxing powers. Medicaid expansion states have the option
to opt in or opt out, for those that opt in the federal government will pay.
Popular sovereignty A principle of democracy in which political authority rests ultimately in
the hands of the people
Political equality political equality refers to a situation where all citizens of a particular
country are free to exercise their political freedom through the voting process. They can elect
or remove an official from any political office. This freedom is usually entrenched in the
constitution of the given country.
Deliberative will a form of democracy in which deliberation is central to decision making
Articles of Confederation This document, the nation's first constitution, was adopted by the
second continental congress in 1781 during the revolution. The document was limited because
states held most of the power, and congress lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control
coinage
Virginia Plan Initial proposal at the Constitutional Convention for a strong central
government with a bicameral legislature. It called for representation based on state population.
New Jersey Plan proposal at the Constitutional Convention that called for equal
representation of each state in Congress regardless of the state's population and size.
Great Compromise the agreement by which Congress would have two houses, the Senate
(where each state gets equal representation-two senators) and the House of Representatives
(where representation is based on population).
