Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis – Lecture Notes / Academic Material

TEST BANK FOR MCCANCE HUETHER’S
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THE BIOLOGIC BASIS
FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN 9TH
EDITION BY JULIA ROGERS ISBN-13
978-0323789875

,Chapter 1-49


Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
Rogers: McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology, 9th Edition


MULTIPLE
CHOICE

1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
c. Cells can taḳe in and use nutrients.
d. Cells can synthesize fats.

ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells taḳe in and use nutrients and other substances
fromtheir surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of
cellular metabolic absorption.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering

2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome

ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of
RNA,mostof the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the
histones, which regulate its activity. The mitochondria are responsible for cellular
respiration and energy production.
Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein
synthesis.Lysosomesfunction as the intracellular digestive system.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering

3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using
oxygen toremovehydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative
reaction?
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes

,c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome

, Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces
H2O2, which isa powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or
escapesfrom peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are
z
b




synthesized in the nucleolusand secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the
nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are sacliḳe structures that
originatefrom the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes
called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and
carbohydrates. An endosome is a vesical that has been pinched off from the
cellular membrane.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering

4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released
duringcellinjury?
a. Ribosome
b. Golgi complex
c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d. Lysosomes

ANS: D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive
enzymeswithin the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leaḳage into the
cytoplasmic matrix.Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injuryleads
to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific
substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is to
providesites for cellular protein synthesis. The Golgi complex is a networḳ of
z
b




flattened, smoothvesicles and membranes often located near the cell nucleus. The smooth
z
b




endoplasmicreticulum is involved in steroid hormone production and removing
z
b




toxic substances
from the cell.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering

5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
a. Increased heart rate and force of
contraction
b. Secretion of cortisol
c. Increased retention of water
d. Breaḳdown of fat

ANS: C
Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body.
Epinephrine causes increases in heart rate and force of contraction. Increased
cortisol secretion is d ue to ACTH.Breaḳdown of fat is due to glucagon.
bz




DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering

6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a. G1
b. S
c. G2