GNRS 515 Advanced Pathophysiology: Alterations
of Renal and Urinary Tract Function – Questions &
A+ Solutions
Save
Terms in this set (67)
Kidney Stones •Clinical manifestation
•Renal colic (pain)
•Treatment
•Managing pain
•Reducing the concentration of stone-forming
substances
•Adjusting pH of urine
•Decreasing amount of stone-forming substances
•Removing stones using percutaneous
nephrolithotomy, ureteroscopy, or ultrasonic or laser
lithotripsy to fragment stones for excretion
OVERactive Bladder Syndrome •Chronic syndrome of detrusor overactivity
•Symptom syndrome of urgency, with or without urge
incontinence; usually associated with frequency and
nocturia
•Urodynamic evaluation: To confirm diagnosis
•Treatment
•Lifestyle modifications
•Behavioral therapy, neuromodulation
•Pharmacotherapy (antimuscarinic agents); botulinum
toxin therapy; surgery
,UNDERactive Bladder Syndrome •Bladder contraction of reduced strength and/or
duration
•Manifestations: Prolonged bladder emptying or
incomplete bladder emptying, or both
•Caused by spinal cord injury, stroke, multiple
sclerosis, Parkinson disease, diabetic neuropathy,
aging
•Symptoms of weak stream, intermittency, hesitancy,
straining
•Treatment includes sacral neuromodulation, drugs.
Renal tumors •Renal tumors
•Renal adenomas: Benign, usually located near the
cortex of the kidney.
•Usually surgically removed since they can become
malignant
•Renal cell carcinoma: Most common type of renal
neoplasm
•Etiology unknown.
•Sporadic or hereditary dominated by mutations of
the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene located on
chromosome 3p25
•Usually occurs in men
•Between 50 and 60 yrs of age
•African Americans have higher incidence and
mortality
, Renal Tumor Risk Factors •Cigarette smoking
•Obesity
•HTN
•Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use
•Advanced-stage chronic renal failure (CRF)
•Occupational exposure to trichloroethylene
•Stage I five-year survival is 80%, State IV about 8%
Renal Tumors Manifestations and •Clinical manifestations: Hematuria, dull and aching
Treatment flank pain, palpable flank mass in thinner individuals
•Treatment
•Localized disease: Surgical removal of the affected
kidney (radical nephrectomy) or partial nephron-
sparing nephrectomy for smaller tumors
•Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation
•
of Renal and Urinary Tract Function – Questions &
A+ Solutions
Save
Terms in this set (67)
Kidney Stones •Clinical manifestation
•Renal colic (pain)
•Treatment
•Managing pain
•Reducing the concentration of stone-forming
substances
•Adjusting pH of urine
•Decreasing amount of stone-forming substances
•Removing stones using percutaneous
nephrolithotomy, ureteroscopy, or ultrasonic or laser
lithotripsy to fragment stones for excretion
OVERactive Bladder Syndrome •Chronic syndrome of detrusor overactivity
•Symptom syndrome of urgency, with or without urge
incontinence; usually associated with frequency and
nocturia
•Urodynamic evaluation: To confirm diagnosis
•Treatment
•Lifestyle modifications
•Behavioral therapy, neuromodulation
•Pharmacotherapy (antimuscarinic agents); botulinum
toxin therapy; surgery
,UNDERactive Bladder Syndrome •Bladder contraction of reduced strength and/or
duration
•Manifestations: Prolonged bladder emptying or
incomplete bladder emptying, or both
•Caused by spinal cord injury, stroke, multiple
sclerosis, Parkinson disease, diabetic neuropathy,
aging
•Symptoms of weak stream, intermittency, hesitancy,
straining
•Treatment includes sacral neuromodulation, drugs.
Renal tumors •Renal tumors
•Renal adenomas: Benign, usually located near the
cortex of the kidney.
•Usually surgically removed since they can become
malignant
•Renal cell carcinoma: Most common type of renal
neoplasm
•Etiology unknown.
•Sporadic or hereditary dominated by mutations of
the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene located on
chromosome 3p25
•Usually occurs in men
•Between 50 and 60 yrs of age
•African Americans have higher incidence and
mortality
, Renal Tumor Risk Factors •Cigarette smoking
•Obesity
•HTN
•Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use
•Advanced-stage chronic renal failure (CRF)
•Occupational exposure to trichloroethylene
•Stage I five-year survival is 80%, State IV about 8%
Renal Tumors Manifestations and •Clinical manifestations: Hematuria, dull and aching
Treatment flank pain, palpable flank mass in thinner individuals
•Treatment
•Localized disease: Surgical removal of the affected
kidney (radical nephrectomy) or partial nephron-
sparing nephrectomy for smaller tumors
•Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation
•
