EMT STATE EXAM NC STUDY GUIDE
1. FIRST STAGE OF LABOR: The first stage occurs from onset of true labor contractions till dilation and ettachment of the uterus.
2. 2nd stage of labor: The hallmark finding in the second stage of labor is the complete delivery of the baby.
3. 3rd stage of labor: The third stage occurs when the placenta delivers.
4. Ligaments connect....: Bone to Bone
5. Tendons connect: Bone to Muscle
6. START Triage 1st Step: START triage begins by asking patients to get up and walk to a collection point
7. START Triage 2nd step: respirations are assessed
8. START Triage 3rd Step: if the patient is not breathing, the airway is opened.
9. START Triage 4th Step: Pulse is then assessed
10. START Triage 5th Step: Check mental status.
11. Rule of 9's:Child:BACK: child's back represents 18% of his body surface area
12. Rule of 9's:Child: Both Legs (Front & Back): the front and back of both legs each represent 7%
13. Rule of 9's:Child:Torso (Front & Back): child's anterior and posterior torso would represent 36%
14. Primary blast stage: also known as the pressure wave), damages hollow, gas containing organs of the body such as the lungs, GI system, inner
ears, and sinuses.
,15. Secondary blast: The secondary phase causes cause blunt and penetration injuries from flying debris.
16. Tertiary phase of blast: tertiary phase are injuries sustained from the patient being thrown back and impacting something (wall, ground, etc.).
17. A 71-year-old female has fallen and complains of left hip pain. On examina- tion you note her left foot
is rotated laterally. This finding most likely indicates a: femur fracture
18. "5 Rights" of medication administration.: right patient, right medication, right route, right dose, and right time.
19. If you are responsible for establishing the landing zone for the helicopter, what is the minimum size
of the LZ you should prepare assuming the rescue efforts are occurring at night?: The minimum size of the landing zone at night is
100' by 100'. During daylight, the minimum LZ zone is 60' by 60'. In either situation the LZ should be square, with a marker indicating the direction of wind travel
20. Which one of the following is a sign of Cushing's triad (Cushing's reflex) that occurs with traumatic brain
injury?: The vital signs are an increased blood pressure, slowing pulse rate, and irregular respirations (classically seen as Cheyne-Stokes).
21. Classes of hemorrhage: A Class III hemorrhage is said to occur when the patient has lost 30-40% of their circulating blood volume. This is a
significant bleed due to the fact that the body's compensatory mechanisms are maximized, and any additional blood loss will now create significant disturbances in
hemodynamic stability. In Class I and II hemorrhage, blood pressure remains acceptable, in Class IV hemorrhage the blood pressure drops dangerously low.
22. APGAR SCORE: Appearance: 0=blue/pale; 1=blue & pink; 2=no cyanosis-all pink Pulse Rate: 0=Absent; 1=<100;
2=>100
Reflex: 0=no response to stimuli; 1=grimace; 2=cry or pull away
Activity: 0=None; 1=some flexion,2=flexed arms/legs resisting extension Respiratory: 0=Absent; 1=weak,
irregular; 2=strong, lusty cry
23. Organs in Upper Right Quadrant of Abs: The liver is found primarily within the boundaries of the upper right quadrant.
24. Organs in Upper Left Quadrant of Abs: The stomach and spleen are typically found in the upper left quadrant.
25. Bladder location: The bladder is found on the midline between the lower two quadrants.
,26. Communication "Reflection": Reflection is a technique where you paraphrase the patient's words to encourage more information and to
build trust
27. Minimum safe residual pressure in oxygen tank is?: The minimum safe residual pressure in an oxygen tank is 200 psi.
28. Nasal cannula oxygen flow rate: 1 to 6L/min
29. Nasal cannula oxygen concentration: 24% to 44%
30. NRB Flow rate: 12 to 15L/min
31. NRB oxygen delivered: 90% to 100%
32. Venturi mask oxygen delivery: 24, 28, 35, 40 percent
33. BVM flow rate and oxygen delivery: 15L /min and nearly 100%
34. Cheyne-Stokes Respirations: Shows irregular respirations followed by a period of apnea
35. Ataxic Respirations: irregular, inettective respirations that may or may not have an identifiable pattern.
36. ICP (intracranial Pressure) Signs/symptoms: decreased pulse (Bradycardia), increased B/P (Hypertension), irregular respirations.
37. ICP Defined: Accumulations of blood within the skull or swelling of the brain.
38. Triad of signs (Cushing's Reflex) are: (Usually seen with ICP): 1. Increased systolic B/P
2. Decreased pulse rate
3. Irregular respirations.
39. Glascow Comas Scale (GCS) Components;: Eye opening, Verbal Response
Motor Response
, 40. GCS (Eye Opening) Ratings: Spontaneous-4 Verbal
response-3
Response to pain-2 None-1
41. GCS (Verbal Response) Ratings: Oriented Conversation-5 Confused
Conversation-4
Inappropriate Words-3
Incomprehensible sounds-2 None-1
42. GCS (Best Motor Response): Obeys Commands-6 Localizes Pain-5
Withdraws Pain-4 Abnormal
Flexion-3 Abnormal Extension-
2 None-1
43. GCS Scores Total Ratings:: 13-15: mild dysfunction; 15 is considered a person with no neurologic disabilities
44. A oxygen tank which holds 350 liters: D Cylinder (portable)
45. D Tank (PSI):: 2000 psi
46. Severe allergic reaction signs:: urticaria, bronchosphasm, swelling of lips
47. Order of assessing a patient after scene size up:: 1. Initial assessment
2. Focused Assessment
3. Complete assessment
4. Ongoing Assessment
48. Ethics:: Philosophy of right and wrong, of moral duties,
1. FIRST STAGE OF LABOR: The first stage occurs from onset of true labor contractions till dilation and ettachment of the uterus.
2. 2nd stage of labor: The hallmark finding in the second stage of labor is the complete delivery of the baby.
3. 3rd stage of labor: The third stage occurs when the placenta delivers.
4. Ligaments connect....: Bone to Bone
5. Tendons connect: Bone to Muscle
6. START Triage 1st Step: START triage begins by asking patients to get up and walk to a collection point
7. START Triage 2nd step: respirations are assessed
8. START Triage 3rd Step: if the patient is not breathing, the airway is opened.
9. START Triage 4th Step: Pulse is then assessed
10. START Triage 5th Step: Check mental status.
11. Rule of 9's:Child:BACK: child's back represents 18% of his body surface area
12. Rule of 9's:Child: Both Legs (Front & Back): the front and back of both legs each represent 7%
13. Rule of 9's:Child:Torso (Front & Back): child's anterior and posterior torso would represent 36%
14. Primary blast stage: also known as the pressure wave), damages hollow, gas containing organs of the body such as the lungs, GI system, inner
ears, and sinuses.
,15. Secondary blast: The secondary phase causes cause blunt and penetration injuries from flying debris.
16. Tertiary phase of blast: tertiary phase are injuries sustained from the patient being thrown back and impacting something (wall, ground, etc.).
17. A 71-year-old female has fallen and complains of left hip pain. On examina- tion you note her left foot
is rotated laterally. This finding most likely indicates a: femur fracture
18. "5 Rights" of medication administration.: right patient, right medication, right route, right dose, and right time.
19. If you are responsible for establishing the landing zone for the helicopter, what is the minimum size
of the LZ you should prepare assuming the rescue efforts are occurring at night?: The minimum size of the landing zone at night is
100' by 100'. During daylight, the minimum LZ zone is 60' by 60'. In either situation the LZ should be square, with a marker indicating the direction of wind travel
20. Which one of the following is a sign of Cushing's triad (Cushing's reflex) that occurs with traumatic brain
injury?: The vital signs are an increased blood pressure, slowing pulse rate, and irregular respirations (classically seen as Cheyne-Stokes).
21. Classes of hemorrhage: A Class III hemorrhage is said to occur when the patient has lost 30-40% of their circulating blood volume. This is a
significant bleed due to the fact that the body's compensatory mechanisms are maximized, and any additional blood loss will now create significant disturbances in
hemodynamic stability. In Class I and II hemorrhage, blood pressure remains acceptable, in Class IV hemorrhage the blood pressure drops dangerously low.
22. APGAR SCORE: Appearance: 0=blue/pale; 1=blue & pink; 2=no cyanosis-all pink Pulse Rate: 0=Absent; 1=<100;
2=>100
Reflex: 0=no response to stimuli; 1=grimace; 2=cry or pull away
Activity: 0=None; 1=some flexion,2=flexed arms/legs resisting extension Respiratory: 0=Absent; 1=weak,
irregular; 2=strong, lusty cry
23. Organs in Upper Right Quadrant of Abs: The liver is found primarily within the boundaries of the upper right quadrant.
24. Organs in Upper Left Quadrant of Abs: The stomach and spleen are typically found in the upper left quadrant.
25. Bladder location: The bladder is found on the midline between the lower two quadrants.
,26. Communication "Reflection": Reflection is a technique where you paraphrase the patient's words to encourage more information and to
build trust
27. Minimum safe residual pressure in oxygen tank is?: The minimum safe residual pressure in an oxygen tank is 200 psi.
28. Nasal cannula oxygen flow rate: 1 to 6L/min
29. Nasal cannula oxygen concentration: 24% to 44%
30. NRB Flow rate: 12 to 15L/min
31. NRB oxygen delivered: 90% to 100%
32. Venturi mask oxygen delivery: 24, 28, 35, 40 percent
33. BVM flow rate and oxygen delivery: 15L /min and nearly 100%
34. Cheyne-Stokes Respirations: Shows irregular respirations followed by a period of apnea
35. Ataxic Respirations: irregular, inettective respirations that may or may not have an identifiable pattern.
36. ICP (intracranial Pressure) Signs/symptoms: decreased pulse (Bradycardia), increased B/P (Hypertension), irregular respirations.
37. ICP Defined: Accumulations of blood within the skull or swelling of the brain.
38. Triad of signs (Cushing's Reflex) are: (Usually seen with ICP): 1. Increased systolic B/P
2. Decreased pulse rate
3. Irregular respirations.
39. Glascow Comas Scale (GCS) Components;: Eye opening, Verbal Response
Motor Response
, 40. GCS (Eye Opening) Ratings: Spontaneous-4 Verbal
response-3
Response to pain-2 None-1
41. GCS (Verbal Response) Ratings: Oriented Conversation-5 Confused
Conversation-4
Inappropriate Words-3
Incomprehensible sounds-2 None-1
42. GCS (Best Motor Response): Obeys Commands-6 Localizes Pain-5
Withdraws Pain-4 Abnormal
Flexion-3 Abnormal Extension-
2 None-1
43. GCS Scores Total Ratings:: 13-15: mild dysfunction; 15 is considered a person with no neurologic disabilities
44. A oxygen tank which holds 350 liters: D Cylinder (portable)
45. D Tank (PSI):: 2000 psi
46. Severe allergic reaction signs:: urticaria, bronchosphasm, swelling of lips
47. Order of assessing a patient after scene size up:: 1. Initial assessment
2. Focused Assessment
3. Complete assessment
4. Ongoing Assessment
48. Ethics:: Philosophy of right and wrong, of moral duties,
