Microbiology is the study of what?
A. Human anatomy
B. Chemical reactions in cells
C. Microorganisms and viruses
D. Plant physiology
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Microbiology focuses on microbes, including microorganisms and viruses, and
their biological processes.
What is the smallest biological unit of life?
A. Atom
B. Molecule
C. Cell
D. Organelle
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The cell is the smallest structure capable of carrying out all life functions.
What best defines a macromolecule?
A. A simple molecule made of one atom
B. A molecule found only in prokaryotes
C. A complex molecule composed of smaller subunits
D. A molecule that stores energy only
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Macromolecules are large, complex molecules built from smaller repeating units.
Which list correctly identifies the four main types of macromolecules?
A. Lipids, ions, proteins, water
B. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
, C. DNA, RNA, proteins, enzymes
D. Sugars, fats, enzymes, ATP
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The four major macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic
acids.
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the cell?
A. Enzymatic activity
B. Structural support
C. Transport of materials
D. Storage of genetic information
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Genetic information is stored by nucleic acids, not proteins.
What are the two major types of nucleic acids?
A. DNA and ATP
B. RNA and proteins
C. DNA and RNA
D. Lipids and carbohydrates
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: DNA stores hereditary information, while RNA helps translate that information
into proteins.
What is the primary role of DNA in a cell?
A. Protein synthesis
B. Energy production
C. Storage of hereditary information
D. Transport of materials
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: DNA contains the genetic instructions that determine inherited traits.
What is the main function of the plasma membrane?
A. Energy production
B. Protein synthesis
A. Human anatomy
B. Chemical reactions in cells
C. Microorganisms and viruses
D. Plant physiology
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Microbiology focuses on microbes, including microorganisms and viruses, and
their biological processes.
What is the smallest biological unit of life?
A. Atom
B. Molecule
C. Cell
D. Organelle
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The cell is the smallest structure capable of carrying out all life functions.
What best defines a macromolecule?
A. A simple molecule made of one atom
B. A molecule found only in prokaryotes
C. A complex molecule composed of smaller subunits
D. A molecule that stores energy only
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Macromolecules are large, complex molecules built from smaller repeating units.
Which list correctly identifies the four main types of macromolecules?
A. Lipids, ions, proteins, water
B. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
, C. DNA, RNA, proteins, enzymes
D. Sugars, fats, enzymes, ATP
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The four major macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic
acids.
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the cell?
A. Enzymatic activity
B. Structural support
C. Transport of materials
D. Storage of genetic information
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Genetic information is stored by nucleic acids, not proteins.
What are the two major types of nucleic acids?
A. DNA and ATP
B. RNA and proteins
C. DNA and RNA
D. Lipids and carbohydrates
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: DNA stores hereditary information, while RNA helps translate that information
into proteins.
What is the primary role of DNA in a cell?
A. Protein synthesis
B. Energy production
C. Storage of hereditary information
D. Transport of materials
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: DNA contains the genetic instructions that determine inherited traits.
What is the main function of the plasma membrane?
A. Energy production
B. Protein synthesis
