ATLS PRETEST, ATLS PRACTICE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. VERIFIED
2026.
A 22-year-old man is hypotensive and tachycardic after a shotgun wound to the left shoulder.
His blood pressure is initially 80/40 mm Hg. After initial fluid resuscitation his blood pressure
increases to 122/84 mm Hg. His heart rate is now 100 beats per minute and his respiratory rate
is 28 breaths per minute. A tube thoracostomy is performed for decreased left chest breath
sounds with the return of a small amount of blood and no air leak. After chest tube insertion,
the most appropriate next step is: - ANS re-examine the chest
A construction worker falls two stories from a building and sustains bilateral calcaneal fractures.
In the emergency department, he is alert, vital signs are normal, and he is complaining of severe
pain in both heels and his lower back. Lower extremity pulses are strong and there is no other
deformity. The suspected diagnosis is most likely to be confirmed by: - ANS complete spine x-
ray series
Which of the following is true regarding the initial resuscitation of a trauma patient? -
ANS Evidence of improved perfusion after fluid resuscitation could include improvement in
Glasgow Coma Scale score on reevaluation.
In managing a patient with a severe traumatic brain injury, the most important initial step is to: -
ANS secure the airway
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,A previously healthy, 70-kg (154-pound) man suffers an estimated acute blood loss of 2 liters.
Which one of the following statements applies to this patient? - ANS An ABG would
demonstrate a base deficit between -6 and -10 mEq/L.
The physiological hypervolemia of pregnancy has clinical significance in the management of the
severely injured, gravid woman by: - ANS increasing the volume of blood loss to produce
maternal hypotension
The best assessment of fluid resuscitation of the adult burn patient is: - ANS urinary output
of 0.5 mL/kg/hr
The diagnosis of shock must include: - ANS evidence of inadequate organ perfusion
A 7-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents several minutes after
he fell through a window. He is bleeding profusely from a 6-cm wound of his medial right thigh.
Immediate management of the wound should consist of: - ANS direct pressure on the wound
For the patient with severe traumatic brain injury, profound hypocarbia should be avoided to
prevent: - ANS cerebral vasoconstriction with diminished perfusion
After being involved in a motor vehicle crash, a 25-year-old man is brought to a hospital that has
surgery capabilities available.. Computed tomography of the chest and abdomen shows an
aortic injury and splenic laceration with free abdominal fluid. His blood pressure falls to 70 mm
Hg after CT. The next step is: - ANS perform an exploratory laparotomy
Which one of the following statements regarding abdominal trauma in the pregnant patient is
TRUE? - ANS Leakage of amniotic fluid is an indication for hospital admission.
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,The first maneuver to improve oxygenation after chest injury is: - ANS administer
supplemental oxygen
A 25-year-old man, injured in a motor vehicular crash, is admitted to the emergency
department. His pupils react sluggishly and his eyes open to pressure. He does not follow
commands, but he does moan periodically. His right arm is deformed and does not respond to
pressure; however, his left hand reaches purposefully toward the stimulus. Both legs are stiffly
extended. His GCS score is: - ANS 9
A 20-year-old woman who is at 32 weeks gestation, is stabbed in the upper right chest. In the
emergency department, her blood pressure is 80/60 mm Hg. She is gasping for breath,
extremely anxious, and yelling for help. Breath sounds are diminished in the right chest. The
most appropriate first step is to: - ANS perform needle or finger decompression of the right
chest
Which one of the following findings in an adult is most likely to require immediate management
during the primary survey? - ANS respiratory rate of 40 breaths per minute
The most important, immediate step in the management of an open pneumothorax is: -
ANS placement of an occlusive dressing over the wound
The following are contraindications for tetanus toxoid administration: - ANS history of
neurological reaction or severe hypersensitivity to the product
A 56-year-old man is thrown violently against the steering wheel of his truck during a motor
vehicle crash. On arrival in the emergency department he is diaphoretic and complaining of
chest pain. His blood pressure is 60/40 mm Hg and his respiratory rate is 40 breaths per minute.
Which of the following best differentiates cardiac tamponade from tension pneumothorax as
the cause of his hypotension? - ANS breath sounds
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Bronchial intubation of the right or left mainstem bronchus can easily occur during infant
endotracheal intubation because: - ANS The trachea is relatively short.
A 23-year-old man sustains 4 stab wounds to the upper right chest during an altercation and is
brought by ambulance to a hospital that has full surgical capabilities. His wounds are all above
the nipple. He is endotracheally intubated, closed tube thoracostomy is performed, fluid
resuscitation is initiated through 2 large-caliber IVs. FAST exam does not reveal intraabdominal
injuries. His blood pressure now is 60/0 mm Hg, heart rate is 160 beats per minute, and
respiratory rate is 14 breaths per minute (ventilated with 100% O2). 1500 mL of blood has
drained from the right chest. The most appropriate next step in managing this patient is to: -
ANS urgently transfer the patient to the operating room
A 39-year-old man is admitted to the emergency department after an automobile collision. He is
cyanotic, has insufficient respiratory effort, and has a GCS score of 6. His full beard makes it
difficult to fit the oxygen facemask to his face. The most appropriate next step is to: -
ANS restrict cervical motion and attempt orotracheal intubation using 2 people
A patient is brought to the emergency department after a motor vehicle crash. He is conscious
and there is no obvious external trauma. He arrives at the hospital completely immobilized on a
long spine board. His blood pressure is 60/40 mm Hg and his heart rate is 70 beats per minute.
His skin is warm. Which one of the following statements is TRUE? - ANS Flaccidity of the
lower extremities and loss of deep tendon reflexes are expected.
Which one of the following is the most effective method for initially treating frostbite? -
ANS moist heat
A 32-year-old man's right leg is trapped beneath his overturned car for nearly 2 hours before he
is extricated. On arrival in the emergency department, his right lower extremity is cool, mottled,
insensate, and motionless. Despite normal vital signs, pulses cannot be palpated below the right
femoral artery and the muscles of the lower extremity are firm and hard. During the
management of this patient, which of the following is most likely to improve the chances for
limb salvage? - ANS surgical consultation for right lower extremity fasciotomy
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. VERIFIED
2026.
A 22-year-old man is hypotensive and tachycardic after a shotgun wound to the left shoulder.
His blood pressure is initially 80/40 mm Hg. After initial fluid resuscitation his blood pressure
increases to 122/84 mm Hg. His heart rate is now 100 beats per minute and his respiratory rate
is 28 breaths per minute. A tube thoracostomy is performed for decreased left chest breath
sounds with the return of a small amount of blood and no air leak. After chest tube insertion,
the most appropriate next step is: - ANS re-examine the chest
A construction worker falls two stories from a building and sustains bilateral calcaneal fractures.
In the emergency department, he is alert, vital signs are normal, and he is complaining of severe
pain in both heels and his lower back. Lower extremity pulses are strong and there is no other
deformity. The suspected diagnosis is most likely to be confirmed by: - ANS complete spine x-
ray series
Which of the following is true regarding the initial resuscitation of a trauma patient? -
ANS Evidence of improved perfusion after fluid resuscitation could include improvement in
Glasgow Coma Scale score on reevaluation.
In managing a patient with a severe traumatic brain injury, the most important initial step is to: -
ANS secure the airway
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,A previously healthy, 70-kg (154-pound) man suffers an estimated acute blood loss of 2 liters.
Which one of the following statements applies to this patient? - ANS An ABG would
demonstrate a base deficit between -6 and -10 mEq/L.
The physiological hypervolemia of pregnancy has clinical significance in the management of the
severely injured, gravid woman by: - ANS increasing the volume of blood loss to produce
maternal hypotension
The best assessment of fluid resuscitation of the adult burn patient is: - ANS urinary output
of 0.5 mL/kg/hr
The diagnosis of shock must include: - ANS evidence of inadequate organ perfusion
A 7-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents several minutes after
he fell through a window. He is bleeding profusely from a 6-cm wound of his medial right thigh.
Immediate management of the wound should consist of: - ANS direct pressure on the wound
For the patient with severe traumatic brain injury, profound hypocarbia should be avoided to
prevent: - ANS cerebral vasoconstriction with diminished perfusion
After being involved in a motor vehicle crash, a 25-year-old man is brought to a hospital that has
surgery capabilities available.. Computed tomography of the chest and abdomen shows an
aortic injury and splenic laceration with free abdominal fluid. His blood pressure falls to 70 mm
Hg after CT. The next step is: - ANS perform an exploratory laparotomy
Which one of the following statements regarding abdominal trauma in the pregnant patient is
TRUE? - ANS Leakage of amniotic fluid is an indication for hospital admission.
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,The first maneuver to improve oxygenation after chest injury is: - ANS administer
supplemental oxygen
A 25-year-old man, injured in a motor vehicular crash, is admitted to the emergency
department. His pupils react sluggishly and his eyes open to pressure. He does not follow
commands, but he does moan periodically. His right arm is deformed and does not respond to
pressure; however, his left hand reaches purposefully toward the stimulus. Both legs are stiffly
extended. His GCS score is: - ANS 9
A 20-year-old woman who is at 32 weeks gestation, is stabbed in the upper right chest. In the
emergency department, her blood pressure is 80/60 mm Hg. She is gasping for breath,
extremely anxious, and yelling for help. Breath sounds are diminished in the right chest. The
most appropriate first step is to: - ANS perform needle or finger decompression of the right
chest
Which one of the following findings in an adult is most likely to require immediate management
during the primary survey? - ANS respiratory rate of 40 breaths per minute
The most important, immediate step in the management of an open pneumothorax is: -
ANS placement of an occlusive dressing over the wound
The following are contraindications for tetanus toxoid administration: - ANS history of
neurological reaction or severe hypersensitivity to the product
A 56-year-old man is thrown violently against the steering wheel of his truck during a motor
vehicle crash. On arrival in the emergency department he is diaphoretic and complaining of
chest pain. His blood pressure is 60/40 mm Hg and his respiratory rate is 40 breaths per minute.
Which of the following best differentiates cardiac tamponade from tension pneumothorax as
the cause of his hypotension? - ANS breath sounds
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Bronchial intubation of the right or left mainstem bronchus can easily occur during infant
endotracheal intubation because: - ANS The trachea is relatively short.
A 23-year-old man sustains 4 stab wounds to the upper right chest during an altercation and is
brought by ambulance to a hospital that has full surgical capabilities. His wounds are all above
the nipple. He is endotracheally intubated, closed tube thoracostomy is performed, fluid
resuscitation is initiated through 2 large-caliber IVs. FAST exam does not reveal intraabdominal
injuries. His blood pressure now is 60/0 mm Hg, heart rate is 160 beats per minute, and
respiratory rate is 14 breaths per minute (ventilated with 100% O2). 1500 mL of blood has
drained from the right chest. The most appropriate next step in managing this patient is to: -
ANS urgently transfer the patient to the operating room
A 39-year-old man is admitted to the emergency department after an automobile collision. He is
cyanotic, has insufficient respiratory effort, and has a GCS score of 6. His full beard makes it
difficult to fit the oxygen facemask to his face. The most appropriate next step is to: -
ANS restrict cervical motion and attempt orotracheal intubation using 2 people
A patient is brought to the emergency department after a motor vehicle crash. He is conscious
and there is no obvious external trauma. He arrives at the hospital completely immobilized on a
long spine board. His blood pressure is 60/40 mm Hg and his heart rate is 70 beats per minute.
His skin is warm. Which one of the following statements is TRUE? - ANS Flaccidity of the
lower extremities and loss of deep tendon reflexes are expected.
Which one of the following is the most effective method for initially treating frostbite? -
ANS moist heat
A 32-year-old man's right leg is trapped beneath his overturned car for nearly 2 hours before he
is extricated. On arrival in the emergency department, his right lower extremity is cool, mottled,
insensate, and motionless. Despite normal vital signs, pulses cannot be palpated below the right
femoral artery and the muscles of the lower extremity are firm and hard. During the
management of this patient, which of the following is most likely to improve the chances for
limb salvage? - ANS surgical consultation for right lower extremity fasciotomy
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
