NSG 5140 MIDTERM EXAM / NSG 5140 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM 2026/2027 (WEEK 1-6)
COMPLETE ACCURATE EXAM WITH APPROVED QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (100% CORRECT VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS) LATEST UPDATED VERSION |GUARANTEED PASS A+
1. Which of the following best describes systolic heart failure?
A. Reduced ejection fraction due to impaired contractility
B. Normal ejection fraction with impaired relaxation
C. Left atrial hypertrophy
D. Increased cardiac output
Answer: A. Reduced ejection fraction due to impaired contractility
Rationale: Systolic heart failure involves the heart’s inability to pump
effectively, leading to reduced ejection fraction.
2. Which lab marker is most specific for myocardial infarction?
A. CK-MB
B. Troponin I
C. Myoglobin
D. BNP
Answer: B. Troponin I
,Rationale: Troponin I is highly specific for myocardial injury and
remains elevated for days after MI.
3. Which type of shock is caused by myocardial infarction?
A. Hypovolemic
B. Cardiogenic
C. Septic
D. Neurogenic
Answer: B. Cardiogenic
Rationale: Cardiogenic shock results from heart pump failure, often
secondary to MI.
4. A patient present with jugular venous distension and peripheral
edema. Which condition is most likely?
A. Left-sided heart failure
B. Right-sided heart failure
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Myocardial infarction
Answer: B. Right-sided heart failure
Rationale: Right-sided heart failure causes systemic venous congestion,
producing JVD and peripheral edema.
, 5. Which process initiates atherosclerosis?
A. Acute infection
B. Endothelial injury
C. Vasospasm
D. Platelet depletion
Answer: B. Endothelial injury
Rationale: Endothelial injury triggers lipid accumulation and
inflammation, forming atherosclerotic plaques.
6. A patient present with chest pain relieved by rest and nitroglycerin.
This is most consistent with:
A. Unstable angina
B. Stable angina
C. STEMI
D. NSTEMI
Answer: B. Stable angina
Rationale: Stable angina is predictable, occurs with exertion, and
resolves with rest or nitrates.
7. Which electrolyte imbalance is most concerning in heart failure
patients on diuretics?
A. Hyperkalemia
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM 2026/2027 (WEEK 1-6)
COMPLETE ACCURATE EXAM WITH APPROVED QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (100% CORRECT VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS) LATEST UPDATED VERSION |GUARANTEED PASS A+
1. Which of the following best describes systolic heart failure?
A. Reduced ejection fraction due to impaired contractility
B. Normal ejection fraction with impaired relaxation
C. Left atrial hypertrophy
D. Increased cardiac output
Answer: A. Reduced ejection fraction due to impaired contractility
Rationale: Systolic heart failure involves the heart’s inability to pump
effectively, leading to reduced ejection fraction.
2. Which lab marker is most specific for myocardial infarction?
A. CK-MB
B. Troponin I
C. Myoglobin
D. BNP
Answer: B. Troponin I
,Rationale: Troponin I is highly specific for myocardial injury and
remains elevated for days after MI.
3. Which type of shock is caused by myocardial infarction?
A. Hypovolemic
B. Cardiogenic
C. Septic
D. Neurogenic
Answer: B. Cardiogenic
Rationale: Cardiogenic shock results from heart pump failure, often
secondary to MI.
4. A patient present with jugular venous distension and peripheral
edema. Which condition is most likely?
A. Left-sided heart failure
B. Right-sided heart failure
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Myocardial infarction
Answer: B. Right-sided heart failure
Rationale: Right-sided heart failure causes systemic venous congestion,
producing JVD and peripheral edema.
, 5. Which process initiates atherosclerosis?
A. Acute infection
B. Endothelial injury
C. Vasospasm
D. Platelet depletion
Answer: B. Endothelial injury
Rationale: Endothelial injury triggers lipid accumulation and
inflammation, forming atherosclerotic plaques.
6. A patient present with chest pain relieved by rest and nitroglycerin.
This is most consistent with:
A. Unstable angina
B. Stable angina
C. STEMI
D. NSTEMI
Answer: B. Stable angina
Rationale: Stable angina is predictable, occurs with exertion, and
resolves with rest or nitrates.
7. Which electrolyte imbalance is most concerning in heart failure
patients on diuretics?
A. Hyperkalemia
