BSC 2085 LATEST 2026 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Synapse - ✔✔area where a neuron communicates with another cell
Involves 2 cells and do NOT make physical contact
1. Presynaptic cell
2. postsynaptic cell
✔✔Presynaptic Cell - ✔✔Neuron that sends message
✔✔Postsynaptic Cell - ✔✔Target cell that receives message
✔✔Synaptic Cleft - ✔✔Small gap that separates the presynaptic membrane and the
postsynaptic membrane
✔✔Neurotransmitters - ✔✔Are chemical messengers
Are released at presynaptic membrane (mostly by exocytosis)
Affect receptors of postsynaptic membrane
Are broken down by enzymes
Enzymes found in the synaptic cleft
Are reassembled at axon terminal
Can be reabsorbed by presynaptic cell to be reassembled and reused
✔✔Recycling Neurotransmitters - ✔✔Axoplasmic transport
✔✔Axoplasmic transport - ✔✔Neurotubules within the axon
Transport raw materials
Between cell body and axon terminal
Powered by mitochondria, kinesin, and dynein
✔✔Kinesin - ✔✔transports materials from soma to axon terminal (anterograde flow)
✔✔Dynein - ✔✔Dynein transports materials from axon terminal to the soma (retrograde
flow)
✔✔Types of Chemical Synapses - ✔✔1. Neuromuscular junction
2. Neuroglandular junction
✔✔Neuromuscular Junction - ✔✔Synapse between neuron and muscle
✔✔Neuroglandular Junction - ✔✔Synapse between neuron and gland
✔✔Structural Classification of Neurons - ✔✔1. Anaxonic neurons
, 2. Bipolar neurons
3. Unipolar (pseudounipolar) neurons
4. Multipolar neurons
✔✔Anaxonic Neurons - ✔✔Found in brain and sense organs (axons and dendrites
difficult to distinguish)
✔✔Bipolar Neurons - ✔✔Found in special sensory organs (sight, smell, hearing), have
1 dendrite and 1 axon
✔✔Unipolar (pseudounipolar) Neurons - ✔✔Found in sensory neurons of PNS, have
fused dendrite and axon with the cell body on one side
✔✔Multipolar Neurons - ✔✔Include all skeletal muscle MOTOR NEURONS, have many
dendrites but 1 axon
Common in the CNS
✔✔3 Functional Classifications of Neurons - ✔✔1. Sensory Neurons
2. Motor Neurons
3. Interneurons
✔✔Sensory Neurons - ✔✔Afferent neurons of PNS
(because they are Approaching the CNS)
✔✔Motor Neurons - ✔✔Efferent neurons of PNS
(because they are Exiting the CNS)
Carry instructions from CNS to peripheral effectors
Via efferent fibers (axons)
Two major efferent systems
1. Somatic Nervous system (SNS)
2. Autonomic (visceral) nervous system (ANS)
✔✔Interneurons - ✔✔Association neurons
✔✔How many Sensory Neurons do you have approximately? - ✔✔~ 10 Million
✔✔Functions of Sensory Neurons - ✔✔Monitor internal environment (visceral sensory
neurons)
Monitor effects of external environment (somatic sensory neurons)
✔✔Structures of Sensory Neurons - ✔✔Unipolar
Cell bodies grouped in sensory ganglia
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Synapse - ✔✔area where a neuron communicates with another cell
Involves 2 cells and do NOT make physical contact
1. Presynaptic cell
2. postsynaptic cell
✔✔Presynaptic Cell - ✔✔Neuron that sends message
✔✔Postsynaptic Cell - ✔✔Target cell that receives message
✔✔Synaptic Cleft - ✔✔Small gap that separates the presynaptic membrane and the
postsynaptic membrane
✔✔Neurotransmitters - ✔✔Are chemical messengers
Are released at presynaptic membrane (mostly by exocytosis)
Affect receptors of postsynaptic membrane
Are broken down by enzymes
Enzymes found in the synaptic cleft
Are reassembled at axon terminal
Can be reabsorbed by presynaptic cell to be reassembled and reused
✔✔Recycling Neurotransmitters - ✔✔Axoplasmic transport
✔✔Axoplasmic transport - ✔✔Neurotubules within the axon
Transport raw materials
Between cell body and axon terminal
Powered by mitochondria, kinesin, and dynein
✔✔Kinesin - ✔✔transports materials from soma to axon terminal (anterograde flow)
✔✔Dynein - ✔✔Dynein transports materials from axon terminal to the soma (retrograde
flow)
✔✔Types of Chemical Synapses - ✔✔1. Neuromuscular junction
2. Neuroglandular junction
✔✔Neuromuscular Junction - ✔✔Synapse between neuron and muscle
✔✔Neuroglandular Junction - ✔✔Synapse between neuron and gland
✔✔Structural Classification of Neurons - ✔✔1. Anaxonic neurons
, 2. Bipolar neurons
3. Unipolar (pseudounipolar) neurons
4. Multipolar neurons
✔✔Anaxonic Neurons - ✔✔Found in brain and sense organs (axons and dendrites
difficult to distinguish)
✔✔Bipolar Neurons - ✔✔Found in special sensory organs (sight, smell, hearing), have
1 dendrite and 1 axon
✔✔Unipolar (pseudounipolar) Neurons - ✔✔Found in sensory neurons of PNS, have
fused dendrite and axon with the cell body on one side
✔✔Multipolar Neurons - ✔✔Include all skeletal muscle MOTOR NEURONS, have many
dendrites but 1 axon
Common in the CNS
✔✔3 Functional Classifications of Neurons - ✔✔1. Sensory Neurons
2. Motor Neurons
3. Interneurons
✔✔Sensory Neurons - ✔✔Afferent neurons of PNS
(because they are Approaching the CNS)
✔✔Motor Neurons - ✔✔Efferent neurons of PNS
(because they are Exiting the CNS)
Carry instructions from CNS to peripheral effectors
Via efferent fibers (axons)
Two major efferent systems
1. Somatic Nervous system (SNS)
2. Autonomic (visceral) nervous system (ANS)
✔✔Interneurons - ✔✔Association neurons
✔✔How many Sensory Neurons do you have approximately? - ✔✔~ 10 Million
✔✔Functions of Sensory Neurons - ✔✔Monitor internal environment (visceral sensory
neurons)
Monitor effects of external environment (somatic sensory neurons)
✔✔Structures of Sensory Neurons - ✔✔Unipolar
Cell bodies grouped in sensory ganglia
