Samenvattingen Beleid, Rationaliteit en
Macht + Training ‘Conflicthantering &
onderhandelen’
Jasmijn Pelders - studiejaar 2021
In deze samenvatti ng: Hoorcolleges, werkgroepen, leesvragen, samenvatti ngen
van alle gelezen arti kelen en hoofdstukken van de Policy Paradox – Stone.
Slechts 1 arti kel mist; Howlett et al. Chapter 5 .
Daarnaast zijn ook de arti kelen behoren bij de training ‘confl icthantering &
onderhandelen’ samengevat en toegevoegd.
Voor het overzicht is er een inhoudsopgave toegevoegd en zijn de pagina’s voorzien van een
paginanummer. Op deze manier is het makkelijk zoeken in deze uitgebreide samenvatting.
1
,Inhoudsopgave
C&O Training: Huguenin (2010)...........................................................................................................................7
§4.3 Conflictgedrag..............................................................................................................................................7
§4.3.1 Logische niveaus.......................................................................................................................................7
§4.3.2 Conflictstijlen............................................................................................................................................7
§ 4.3.3 Conflictstijl en omgeving........................................................................................................................10
§ 4.3.4 Belemmeringen en aangrijpingspunten bij de ontwikkelen van stijlkeuze.............................................11
C&O Training: Paul Cairney blogpost "What is policy?"...............................................................................15
Mastenbroek (1996), Onderhandelingsrelaties, in: conflicthantering en organisatieontwikkeling...............17
§6.1 Inleiding......................................................................................................................................................17
§6.2 Onderhandelen...........................................................................................................................................17
§6.3 Onderhandelen: vier activiteiten................................................................................................................18
§6.4 Fase bij onderhandelen..............................................................................................................................22
§6.5 Effectief onderhandelen, conclusies...........................................................................................................23
Fisher, Ury, Patton (1994) ‘Richt je op belangen, niet op posities’..................................................................24
§1 Niet onderhandelen over posities..................................................................................................................24
§2 argumenteren over posities levert onverstandige overeenkomsten op..........................................................24
§3 Argumenteren over posities is niet efficiënt..................................................................................................24
§4 Argumenteren over posities brengt relaties in gevaar..................................................................................24
§5 Als er veel partijen zijn, is positioneel onderhandelen nog veel erger..........................................................24
§6 Aardig zijn is geen antwoord.........................................................................................................................24
§7 Er is een andere mogelijkheid.......................................................................................................................25
Carney Chapter 4 Bounded rationality and the Psychology of Policymaking................................................27
Introduction: The profound importance of bounded rationality........................................................................27
Comprehensive and bounded rationality............................................................................................................27
Bounded Rationality Is More Important Than Ever...........................................................................................28
Incrementalism...................................................................................................................................................28
Is Incrementalism ‘Universal’ and Inevitable?..................................................................................................29
The Narative policy framework..........................................................................................................................29
Carney Chapter 9 : Punctuated Equilibrium Theory (PET)............................................................................30
Introduction: The profound importance of policymaker attention.....................................................................30
Why ‘Punctuated equilibrium’ theory (PET)?...................................................................................................30
PET’s orginal focus: Agendas and instability....................................................................................................30
Policy subsystems, monopolies, and subsystems................................................................................................31
Issue networks and subsystems...........................................................................................................................31
Agenda setting and attention..............................................................................................................................31
Problem definition..............................................................................................................................................32
2
,Howlett et al. Chapter 5........................................................................................................................................33
Hoorcollege 15-02-2021.........................................................................................................................................34
Hoofdlijnen: Beleidskeuzes en -instrumenten....................................................................................................34
Reflectie op hoofdlijnen......................................................................................................................................36
Actualiteit – met Jeroen Hannekamp.................................................................................................................36
Leesvragen week 7.................................................................................................................................................37
Aantekeningen werkgroep 15-02-2021 (week 7).................................................................................................39
Michels (2018): Burgerparticipatie in het beleid, bewonersinitiatieven en de rol van de gemeenteraad.....42
Inleiding..............................................................................................................................................................42
Burgerparticipatie in historisch perspectief.......................................................................................................42
Interactief beleid en bewonersinitiatieven..........................................................................................................43
De gemeenteraad onder druk.............................................................................................................................44
Burgerbegroting, burgertop en burgerraad.......................................................................................................44
Kanttekeningen bij burgerparticipatie...............................................................................................................45
Pülzl & Treib: Implementing Public Policy........................................................................................................46
1. Introduction....................................................................................................................................................46
2. Top-down, bottom-up, and hybrid theories of implementation......................................................................46
§2.1 Top-down theorieën...............................................................................................................................46
2.2 Bottom-up theorieën................................................................................................................................47
2.3 vergelijkende discussie............................................................................................................................47
2.4 Hybride theorieën....................................................................................................................................48
3 New developments in implementation analysis...............................................................................................48
3.1 Implementatie in een internationale context: nieuws uit de Europese Integratiestudies.........................48
3.2 De interpretatieve benadering van beleidsuitvoering..............................................................................49
4 Thirty years of implementation research: what have we learned?.................................................................49
5 Conclusions and further outlook.....................................................................................................................50
Leesvragen week 8.................................................................................................................................................51
Overige aantekeningen werkgroep.....................................................................................................................52
Hoorcollege week 8: Lokale besluitvorming en -uitvoering..............................................................................54
Deel A – Hoofdlijnen..........................................................................................................................................54
Implementatie: Top-down vs bottom-up.............................................................................................................54
Pulzl & Treib......................................................................................................................................................54
De lokale implementatiestijl...............................................................................................................................54
Sterke druk op participatie.................................................................................................................................55
Motieven burgerparticipatie...............................................................................................................................55
Issues burgerparticipatie....................................................................................................................................56
Beleidsplan.........................................................................................................................................................57
Deel B – Kennisclips (Besluitvorming in gemeenten & Gemeenten in de gedecentraliseerde eenheidsstaat). .57
Besluitvorming in gemeenten.............................................................................................................................57
3
, Gemeenten in de gedecentraliseerde eenheidsstaat...........................................................................................57
Van Bommel et al. (2015) Interpretive policy analysis in the Netherlands......................................................59
5.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................................59
5.2 An interpretive approach to policy research................................................................................................59
5.3 Developing interpretive policy analysis in the Netherlands: an genealogy (= stamboomonderzoek).........59
5.4 main theoreticial-analytic focuses of Dutch interpretive policy research...................................................59
5.5 Understanding interpretive policy analysis in the Netherlands...................................................................61
Policy Paradox (Stone, 2012) Introduction: Why This Book?..........................................................................62
The Rationality Project.......................................................................................................................................62
Policy Paradox (Stone, 2012) Chapter 1: The Market and the Polis................................................................64
Community..........................................................................................................................................................64
Altruïsme.............................................................................................................................................................64
Public Interest....................................................................................................................................................64
Common problems..............................................................................................................................................65
Influence.............................................................................................................................................................65
Cooperation........................................................................................................................................................65
Loyalty................................................................................................................................................................66
Groups................................................................................................................................................................66
Information.........................................................................................................................................................66
Passion...............................................................................................................................................................66
Power..................................................................................................................................................................66
Hoorcollege 01-03-2021.........................................................................................................................................68
Hoofdlijnen.........................................................................................................................................................68
Reflectie op hoofdlijnen......................................................................................................................................69
Leesvragen week 9.................................................................................................................................................72
Leesvragen..........................................................................................................................................................72
Overige aantekeningen werkgroepen.................................................................................................................73
Policy Paradox (Stone, 2012) Chapter 2: Equity................................................................................................74
The dimensions of equality.................................................................................................................................74
1 Membership................................................................................................................................................74
2 Merit...........................................................................................................................................................74
3 Rank............................................................................................................................................................75
4 Group-Based Distribution...........................................................................................................................75
5 Need............................................................................................................................................................76
6 Value...........................................................................................................................................................76
7, 8, and 9 Competition, Lotteries, and Elections..........................................................................................76
Choosing a distributive method..........................................................................................................................76
Inequality............................................................................................................................................................77
Inequality and community.............................................................................................................................77
Inequality and democracy..............................................................................................................................77
4
,Policy Paradox (Stone, 2012) Chapter 3: Efficiency..........................................................................................78
What is efficiency?..............................................................................................................................................78
Markets and Efficiency.......................................................................................................................................78
Making Markets in the Polis...............................................................................................................................79
1 Rationality...................................................................................................................................................79
Full Information.............................................................................................................................................79
Voluntarism...................................................................................................................................................79
Externalities...................................................................................................................................................79
Public goods...................................................................................................................................................79
Competition...................................................................................................................................................80
Whose efficiency?...............................................................................................................................................80
The equality-efficiency trade-off.........................................................................................................................80
Policy Paradox (Stone, 2012) Chapter 4: Welfare..............................................................................................81
Dimensions of need.............................................................................................................................................81
1 Material Needs vs. Symbolic Needs...........................................................................................................81
2 Intrinsic vs Instrumental Needs..................................................................................................................81
3 Volatility vs Security..................................................................................................................................81
4 Quantity vs Quality.....................................................................................................................................82
5 Individual Needs vs Relational Needs........................................................................................................82
6 Absolute vs Relative Needs........................................................................................................................82
Making Needs in the Polis..................................................................................................................................82
Moral Hazard and the Welfare-Efficiency Trade-off.........................................................................................83
Policy Paradox (Stone, 2012) Chapter 5: Liberty..............................................................................................84
Making Liberty in the Polis: five Paradoxes......................................................................................................85
1 Negative and Positive Liberty....................................................................................................................85
2 Positive Obligations....................................................................................................................................85
3 Paternalism.................................................................................................................................................85
4 Freedom of Speech.....................................................................................................................................86
5 Multiculturalism.........................................................................................................................................86
The Liberty-Equality Trade-off...........................................................................................................................86
The Liberty-Welfare Trade-Off...........................................................................................................................86
Policy Paradox (Stone, 2012) Chapter 5: Security.............................................................................................87
Three concept of Securtiy...................................................................................................................................87
Psychological Security and its Complications...................................................................................................87
Making Security in the Polis...............................................................................................................................88
Science and Politics Vie for Authority................................................................................................................88
Double Edged Swords........................................................................................................................................89
The Security-Democracy Trade-off....................................................................................................................89
Hoorcollege 08-03-2021 (week 5)..........................................................................................................................90
Doelen van beleid (hoofdlijnen).........................................................................................................................90
Hoorcollege 5B Collegereflectie – The Point of Politics...................................................................................91
Leesvragen week 10...............................................................................................................................................94
Aantekeningen werkgroep..................................................................................................................................98
Policy Paradox (Stone, 2012) Chapter 7: Symbols.............................................................................................99
5
, Stories of Change: Decline and Rising..............................................................................................................99
Stories of Power: helplessness and Control.....................................................................................................100
Synecdoche.......................................................................................................................................................100
Metaphors.........................................................................................................................................................100
Ambiguity..........................................................................................................................................................101
Policy Paradox (Stone, 2012) Chapter 8: Numbers..........................................................................................102
Numbers and Metaphors..................................................................................................................................102
Numbers and Norms and Symbols....................................................................................................................102
The hidden Stories in Numbers.........................................................................................................................102
Making numbers in the Polis............................................................................................................................103
Policy Paradox (Stone, 2012) Chapter 9: Causes.............................................................................................105
Causal Stories as Problem definition...............................................................................................................105
Making Causes in the Polis..............................................................................................................................106
Using Causes in the Polis.................................................................................................................................107
Policy Paradox (Stone, 2012) Chapter 10: Interests........................................................................................108
Making Interests in the Polis............................................................................................................................108
Mobilizing Interests..........................................................................................................................................108
Rational Choice Theory: Pluralism Turned on its Head..................................................................................108
Collective Action in the Polis...........................................................................................................................109
How Issues and Interests Define Each Other...................................................................................................109
Good Interests versus Bad................................................................................................................................109
Policy Paradox (Stone, 2012) Chapter 11: Decisions.......................................................................................111
Rational Decision Making................................................................................................................................111
Making Decisions in de Polis...........................................................................................................................111
Defining goals..............................................................................................................................................111
Selecting Alternatives..................................................................................................................................111
Controlling the Policial Meanings of Alternatives......................................................................................112
Evaluating Policy alternatives with Cost-Benefit Analysis.........................................................................112
Hoorcollege 15-03-2021 (week 6) – Problemen in beleid.................................................................................114
HC 6b The Stuff of Politics...............................................................................................................................116
Leesvragen week 11.............................................................................................................................................118
Tentamenvraag oefenen....................................................................................................................................121
6
Macht + Training ‘Conflicthantering &
onderhandelen’
Jasmijn Pelders - studiejaar 2021
In deze samenvatti ng: Hoorcolleges, werkgroepen, leesvragen, samenvatti ngen
van alle gelezen arti kelen en hoofdstukken van de Policy Paradox – Stone.
Slechts 1 arti kel mist; Howlett et al. Chapter 5 .
Daarnaast zijn ook de arti kelen behoren bij de training ‘confl icthantering &
onderhandelen’ samengevat en toegevoegd.
Voor het overzicht is er een inhoudsopgave toegevoegd en zijn de pagina’s voorzien van een
paginanummer. Op deze manier is het makkelijk zoeken in deze uitgebreide samenvatting.
1
,Inhoudsopgave
C&O Training: Huguenin (2010)...........................................................................................................................7
§4.3 Conflictgedrag..............................................................................................................................................7
§4.3.1 Logische niveaus.......................................................................................................................................7
§4.3.2 Conflictstijlen............................................................................................................................................7
§ 4.3.3 Conflictstijl en omgeving........................................................................................................................10
§ 4.3.4 Belemmeringen en aangrijpingspunten bij de ontwikkelen van stijlkeuze.............................................11
C&O Training: Paul Cairney blogpost "What is policy?"...............................................................................15
Mastenbroek (1996), Onderhandelingsrelaties, in: conflicthantering en organisatieontwikkeling...............17
§6.1 Inleiding......................................................................................................................................................17
§6.2 Onderhandelen...........................................................................................................................................17
§6.3 Onderhandelen: vier activiteiten................................................................................................................18
§6.4 Fase bij onderhandelen..............................................................................................................................22
§6.5 Effectief onderhandelen, conclusies...........................................................................................................23
Fisher, Ury, Patton (1994) ‘Richt je op belangen, niet op posities’..................................................................24
§1 Niet onderhandelen over posities..................................................................................................................24
§2 argumenteren over posities levert onverstandige overeenkomsten op..........................................................24
§3 Argumenteren over posities is niet efficiënt..................................................................................................24
§4 Argumenteren over posities brengt relaties in gevaar..................................................................................24
§5 Als er veel partijen zijn, is positioneel onderhandelen nog veel erger..........................................................24
§6 Aardig zijn is geen antwoord.........................................................................................................................24
§7 Er is een andere mogelijkheid.......................................................................................................................25
Carney Chapter 4 Bounded rationality and the Psychology of Policymaking................................................27
Introduction: The profound importance of bounded rationality........................................................................27
Comprehensive and bounded rationality............................................................................................................27
Bounded Rationality Is More Important Than Ever...........................................................................................28
Incrementalism...................................................................................................................................................28
Is Incrementalism ‘Universal’ and Inevitable?..................................................................................................29
The Narative policy framework..........................................................................................................................29
Carney Chapter 9 : Punctuated Equilibrium Theory (PET)............................................................................30
Introduction: The profound importance of policymaker attention.....................................................................30
Why ‘Punctuated equilibrium’ theory (PET)?...................................................................................................30
PET’s orginal focus: Agendas and instability....................................................................................................30
Policy subsystems, monopolies, and subsystems................................................................................................31
Issue networks and subsystems...........................................................................................................................31
Agenda setting and attention..............................................................................................................................31
Problem definition..............................................................................................................................................32
2
,Howlett et al. Chapter 5........................................................................................................................................33
Hoorcollege 15-02-2021.........................................................................................................................................34
Hoofdlijnen: Beleidskeuzes en -instrumenten....................................................................................................34
Reflectie op hoofdlijnen......................................................................................................................................36
Actualiteit – met Jeroen Hannekamp.................................................................................................................36
Leesvragen week 7.................................................................................................................................................37
Aantekeningen werkgroep 15-02-2021 (week 7).................................................................................................39
Michels (2018): Burgerparticipatie in het beleid, bewonersinitiatieven en de rol van de gemeenteraad.....42
Inleiding..............................................................................................................................................................42
Burgerparticipatie in historisch perspectief.......................................................................................................42
Interactief beleid en bewonersinitiatieven..........................................................................................................43
De gemeenteraad onder druk.............................................................................................................................44
Burgerbegroting, burgertop en burgerraad.......................................................................................................44
Kanttekeningen bij burgerparticipatie...............................................................................................................45
Pülzl & Treib: Implementing Public Policy........................................................................................................46
1. Introduction....................................................................................................................................................46
2. Top-down, bottom-up, and hybrid theories of implementation......................................................................46
§2.1 Top-down theorieën...............................................................................................................................46
2.2 Bottom-up theorieën................................................................................................................................47
2.3 vergelijkende discussie............................................................................................................................47
2.4 Hybride theorieën....................................................................................................................................48
3 New developments in implementation analysis...............................................................................................48
3.1 Implementatie in een internationale context: nieuws uit de Europese Integratiestudies.........................48
3.2 De interpretatieve benadering van beleidsuitvoering..............................................................................49
4 Thirty years of implementation research: what have we learned?.................................................................49
5 Conclusions and further outlook.....................................................................................................................50
Leesvragen week 8.................................................................................................................................................51
Overige aantekeningen werkgroep.....................................................................................................................52
Hoorcollege week 8: Lokale besluitvorming en -uitvoering..............................................................................54
Deel A – Hoofdlijnen..........................................................................................................................................54
Implementatie: Top-down vs bottom-up.............................................................................................................54
Pulzl & Treib......................................................................................................................................................54
De lokale implementatiestijl...............................................................................................................................54
Sterke druk op participatie.................................................................................................................................55
Motieven burgerparticipatie...............................................................................................................................55
Issues burgerparticipatie....................................................................................................................................56
Beleidsplan.........................................................................................................................................................57
Deel B – Kennisclips (Besluitvorming in gemeenten & Gemeenten in de gedecentraliseerde eenheidsstaat). .57
Besluitvorming in gemeenten.............................................................................................................................57
3
, Gemeenten in de gedecentraliseerde eenheidsstaat...........................................................................................57
Van Bommel et al. (2015) Interpretive policy analysis in the Netherlands......................................................59
5.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................................59
5.2 An interpretive approach to policy research................................................................................................59
5.3 Developing interpretive policy analysis in the Netherlands: an genealogy (= stamboomonderzoek).........59
5.4 main theoreticial-analytic focuses of Dutch interpretive policy research...................................................59
5.5 Understanding interpretive policy analysis in the Netherlands...................................................................61
Policy Paradox (Stone, 2012) Introduction: Why This Book?..........................................................................62
The Rationality Project.......................................................................................................................................62
Policy Paradox (Stone, 2012) Chapter 1: The Market and the Polis................................................................64
Community..........................................................................................................................................................64
Altruïsme.............................................................................................................................................................64
Public Interest....................................................................................................................................................64
Common problems..............................................................................................................................................65
Influence.............................................................................................................................................................65
Cooperation........................................................................................................................................................65
Loyalty................................................................................................................................................................66
Groups................................................................................................................................................................66
Information.........................................................................................................................................................66
Passion...............................................................................................................................................................66
Power..................................................................................................................................................................66
Hoorcollege 01-03-2021.........................................................................................................................................68
Hoofdlijnen.........................................................................................................................................................68
Reflectie op hoofdlijnen......................................................................................................................................69
Leesvragen week 9.................................................................................................................................................72
Leesvragen..........................................................................................................................................................72
Overige aantekeningen werkgroepen.................................................................................................................73
Policy Paradox (Stone, 2012) Chapter 2: Equity................................................................................................74
The dimensions of equality.................................................................................................................................74
1 Membership................................................................................................................................................74
2 Merit...........................................................................................................................................................74
3 Rank............................................................................................................................................................75
4 Group-Based Distribution...........................................................................................................................75
5 Need............................................................................................................................................................76
6 Value...........................................................................................................................................................76
7, 8, and 9 Competition, Lotteries, and Elections..........................................................................................76
Choosing a distributive method..........................................................................................................................76
Inequality............................................................................................................................................................77
Inequality and community.............................................................................................................................77
Inequality and democracy..............................................................................................................................77
4
,Policy Paradox (Stone, 2012) Chapter 3: Efficiency..........................................................................................78
What is efficiency?..............................................................................................................................................78
Markets and Efficiency.......................................................................................................................................78
Making Markets in the Polis...............................................................................................................................79
1 Rationality...................................................................................................................................................79
Full Information.............................................................................................................................................79
Voluntarism...................................................................................................................................................79
Externalities...................................................................................................................................................79
Public goods...................................................................................................................................................79
Competition...................................................................................................................................................80
Whose efficiency?...............................................................................................................................................80
The equality-efficiency trade-off.........................................................................................................................80
Policy Paradox (Stone, 2012) Chapter 4: Welfare..............................................................................................81
Dimensions of need.............................................................................................................................................81
1 Material Needs vs. Symbolic Needs...........................................................................................................81
2 Intrinsic vs Instrumental Needs..................................................................................................................81
3 Volatility vs Security..................................................................................................................................81
4 Quantity vs Quality.....................................................................................................................................82
5 Individual Needs vs Relational Needs........................................................................................................82
6 Absolute vs Relative Needs........................................................................................................................82
Making Needs in the Polis..................................................................................................................................82
Moral Hazard and the Welfare-Efficiency Trade-off.........................................................................................83
Policy Paradox (Stone, 2012) Chapter 5: Liberty..............................................................................................84
Making Liberty in the Polis: five Paradoxes......................................................................................................85
1 Negative and Positive Liberty....................................................................................................................85
2 Positive Obligations....................................................................................................................................85
3 Paternalism.................................................................................................................................................85
4 Freedom of Speech.....................................................................................................................................86
5 Multiculturalism.........................................................................................................................................86
The Liberty-Equality Trade-off...........................................................................................................................86
The Liberty-Welfare Trade-Off...........................................................................................................................86
Policy Paradox (Stone, 2012) Chapter 5: Security.............................................................................................87
Three concept of Securtiy...................................................................................................................................87
Psychological Security and its Complications...................................................................................................87
Making Security in the Polis...............................................................................................................................88
Science and Politics Vie for Authority................................................................................................................88
Double Edged Swords........................................................................................................................................89
The Security-Democracy Trade-off....................................................................................................................89
Hoorcollege 08-03-2021 (week 5)..........................................................................................................................90
Doelen van beleid (hoofdlijnen).........................................................................................................................90
Hoorcollege 5B Collegereflectie – The Point of Politics...................................................................................91
Leesvragen week 10...............................................................................................................................................94
Aantekeningen werkgroep..................................................................................................................................98
Policy Paradox (Stone, 2012) Chapter 7: Symbols.............................................................................................99
5
, Stories of Change: Decline and Rising..............................................................................................................99
Stories of Power: helplessness and Control.....................................................................................................100
Synecdoche.......................................................................................................................................................100
Metaphors.........................................................................................................................................................100
Ambiguity..........................................................................................................................................................101
Policy Paradox (Stone, 2012) Chapter 8: Numbers..........................................................................................102
Numbers and Metaphors..................................................................................................................................102
Numbers and Norms and Symbols....................................................................................................................102
The hidden Stories in Numbers.........................................................................................................................102
Making numbers in the Polis............................................................................................................................103
Policy Paradox (Stone, 2012) Chapter 9: Causes.............................................................................................105
Causal Stories as Problem definition...............................................................................................................105
Making Causes in the Polis..............................................................................................................................106
Using Causes in the Polis.................................................................................................................................107
Policy Paradox (Stone, 2012) Chapter 10: Interests........................................................................................108
Making Interests in the Polis............................................................................................................................108
Mobilizing Interests..........................................................................................................................................108
Rational Choice Theory: Pluralism Turned on its Head..................................................................................108
Collective Action in the Polis...........................................................................................................................109
How Issues and Interests Define Each Other...................................................................................................109
Good Interests versus Bad................................................................................................................................109
Policy Paradox (Stone, 2012) Chapter 11: Decisions.......................................................................................111
Rational Decision Making................................................................................................................................111
Making Decisions in de Polis...........................................................................................................................111
Defining goals..............................................................................................................................................111
Selecting Alternatives..................................................................................................................................111
Controlling the Policial Meanings of Alternatives......................................................................................112
Evaluating Policy alternatives with Cost-Benefit Analysis.........................................................................112
Hoorcollege 15-03-2021 (week 6) – Problemen in beleid.................................................................................114
HC 6b The Stuff of Politics...............................................................................................................................116
Leesvragen week 11.............................................................................................................................................118
Tentamenvraag oefenen....................................................................................................................................121
6
