UNMC Patho Exam 1 Questions and Answers
(100% Correct Answers) Already Graded A+
neuroanatomy of pain and the components of pain [ Ans: ]
-Nociceptors → Afferent fibers → Spinal cord (substance P)
→ Brain for interpretation
-Substance P = neurotransmitter peptide - has to bind to a
receptor
-Impulse MUST go to the brain AND be interpreted for the
pain to be felt
Nociceptors [ Ans: ] pain receptors
Afferent fibers [ Ans: ] -A-delta (for sharp pain)
-C-fibers (for dull/achy pain)
Spinal cord [ Ans: ] -dorsal horn, substantia gelatinosa
Substance P [ Ans: ] key neurotransmitter
Impulse [ Ans: ] MUST go to the brain AND be interpreted
for the pain to be felt
Gate Control theory of pain [ Ans: ] -L fibers = large
diameter fibers, conduct impulses fast and attempt to
EXCITE SG AND T CELLS → decrease of pain perception
,-S fibers = small diameter fibers, conduct impulses slow
and attempt to INHIBIT SG CELLS AND EXCITE T CELLS →
increase of pain perception
-Substansia Gelatinosa = attempts to INHIBIT T CELL
-Central Transmission Cell (T cell) = receives all input, the
more excitation of the T cell, the more perception of pain
L fibers (large diameter fibers) [ Ans: ] conduct impulses
fast and attempt to EXCITE SG AND T CELLS → decrease of
pain perception
S fibers (small diameter fibers) [ Ans: ] conduct impulses
slow and attempt to INHIBIT SG CELLS AND EXCITE T
CELLS → increase of pain perception
Substansia Gelatinosa [ Ans: ] attempts to INHIBIT T CELL
Central Transmission Cell (T cell) [ Ans: ] receives all
input, the more excitation of the T cell, the more
perception of pain
INCREASE PAIN PERCEPTION [ Ans: ] -More excitation of T
cell
-S fibers are more stimulated
-Less SG excitation
-Less excitation of L fibers
, DECREASE PAIN PERCEPTION [ Ans: ] -Less excitation of T
cell
-S fibers are less excited
-L fibers are more excited
-More SG excitation
Explain all that will happen resulting from the addition of
a hypotonic solution to ECF [ Ans: ] Water will move into
the ICF and the cells will SWELL
Explain all that will happen resulting from the addition of
a hypertonic solution to the ECF [ Ans: ] Water will move
from the ICF to the ECF and the cell will SHRINK
Identify the three different fluid spaces in the body and
where they are [ Ans: ] Intracellular, extracellular
(interstitial), and intravascular
two forces that favor filtration out of the capillary [ Ans: ]
(H2O OUT of capillary):
-Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure: pressure and force caused
by the flow of fluid inside the capillary
-Interstitial Oncotic Pressure: the osmotic pull generated
by large molecules in the interstitial space
two forces that oppose filtration out of the capillary [ Ans:
] (H2O INTO the capillary):
(100% Correct Answers) Already Graded A+
neuroanatomy of pain and the components of pain [ Ans: ]
-Nociceptors → Afferent fibers → Spinal cord (substance P)
→ Brain for interpretation
-Substance P = neurotransmitter peptide - has to bind to a
receptor
-Impulse MUST go to the brain AND be interpreted for the
pain to be felt
Nociceptors [ Ans: ] pain receptors
Afferent fibers [ Ans: ] -A-delta (for sharp pain)
-C-fibers (for dull/achy pain)
Spinal cord [ Ans: ] -dorsal horn, substantia gelatinosa
Substance P [ Ans: ] key neurotransmitter
Impulse [ Ans: ] MUST go to the brain AND be interpreted
for the pain to be felt
Gate Control theory of pain [ Ans: ] -L fibers = large
diameter fibers, conduct impulses fast and attempt to
EXCITE SG AND T CELLS → decrease of pain perception
,-S fibers = small diameter fibers, conduct impulses slow
and attempt to INHIBIT SG CELLS AND EXCITE T CELLS →
increase of pain perception
-Substansia Gelatinosa = attempts to INHIBIT T CELL
-Central Transmission Cell (T cell) = receives all input, the
more excitation of the T cell, the more perception of pain
L fibers (large diameter fibers) [ Ans: ] conduct impulses
fast and attempt to EXCITE SG AND T CELLS → decrease of
pain perception
S fibers (small diameter fibers) [ Ans: ] conduct impulses
slow and attempt to INHIBIT SG CELLS AND EXCITE T
CELLS → increase of pain perception
Substansia Gelatinosa [ Ans: ] attempts to INHIBIT T CELL
Central Transmission Cell (T cell) [ Ans: ] receives all
input, the more excitation of the T cell, the more
perception of pain
INCREASE PAIN PERCEPTION [ Ans: ] -More excitation of T
cell
-S fibers are more stimulated
-Less SG excitation
-Less excitation of L fibers
, DECREASE PAIN PERCEPTION [ Ans: ] -Less excitation of T
cell
-S fibers are less excited
-L fibers are more excited
-More SG excitation
Explain all that will happen resulting from the addition of
a hypotonic solution to ECF [ Ans: ] Water will move into
the ICF and the cells will SWELL
Explain all that will happen resulting from the addition of
a hypertonic solution to the ECF [ Ans: ] Water will move
from the ICF to the ECF and the cell will SHRINK
Identify the three different fluid spaces in the body and
where they are [ Ans: ] Intracellular, extracellular
(interstitial), and intravascular
two forces that favor filtration out of the capillary [ Ans: ]
(H2O OUT of capillary):
-Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure: pressure and force caused
by the flow of fluid inside the capillary
-Interstitial Oncotic Pressure: the osmotic pull generated
by large molecules in the interstitial space
two forces that oppose filtration out of the capillary [ Ans:
] (H2O INTO the capillary):
