UNMC Patho 2 - Exam 1 Questions and
Answers (100% Correct Answers) Already
Graded A+
what does Neoplasm mean? [ Ans: ] "new growth" tumor
cancer cells exhibit "autonomy" [ Ans: ] independence
from normal cellular controls
Cancer cells exhibit independence from normal cellular
control, what is the term for this? [ Ans: ] Autonomy
Cancer cells exhibit "anaplasia", what does this mean? [
Ans: ] loss of differentiation or specialization
What are NOT called "cancer" - and named by the tissue of
orgin + "oma"... [ Ans: ] Benign tumor
ex benign tumor of fat cells = LIPOMA
Which cells are undifferentiated or poorly differentiated? [
Ans: ] Malignant cells
What is the name for the normal process of developing
specialized functions and organization? [ Ans: ] Cell
differentiation
Which type of genetic CA event occurs in germ cells and is
passed on through the allele? [ Ans: ] Inherited
,What are the primary basis for carcinogenesis? [ Ans: ]
Genetic events
What type of genetic event occurs in somatic cells (as cells
divide over a person's lifetime) and usually requires a
number of mutations over time? [ Ans: ] Non-inherited
What is the biggest risk factor for CA and why? [ Ans: ]
Age, multiple mutations are required to develop CA, so as
we age we get more CA
Which is a mutant gene that promotes cancer cell growth?
[ Ans: ] Onocogene
Which gene normally regulates (slows down) cell
proliferation (growth)? [ Ans: ] Tumor suppressor gene
Which gene promotes normal cellular growth, but once it s
mutated into an oncogene it then promotes CA cell
growth? [ Ans: ] Proto-oncogene
What is the most common way to create an oncogene and
is described as small DNA changes usually alteration of
one or a few base pairs - remember adenine-thymine and
cytosine-guanine? [ Ans: ] Point mutations
What type of mutation occurs when there is a break in 2
chromosome and genetic material is exchanged...(2 things
happen)
1. the translocation of the genetic material causes excess
production of factors that lead to cell proliferation
, 2. the translocation leads to production of new proteins
that have growth promoting properties [ Ans: ]
Chromosome Translocation
What type of mutation occurs when repeated duplication
of a small piece of a chromosome happens, and this
usually leads to increased expression of an oncogene? [
Ans: ] Chromosome amplification
Viral and bacterial causes of cancer [ Ans: ] cause-effect is
difficult to determine in humans
many associations have been established
viral: HBV -Hep B, HCV-Hep C, Herpes - lymphomes, HPV
gential warts and cervical cancer, Bacteria - H. pylori
Cigarette smoke, insecticides, asbestos are examples of? [
Ans: ] Environmental Chemical cancer agents
ultraviolet light, radiation are examples of [ Ans: ]
Environmental Physical cancer agents
HBV, HCV, Herpes, HPV are examples of? [ Ans: ]
Environmental Viral cancer agents
Which tumor closely resembles tissue of origin and thus
retains some specialized functions? [ Ans: ] Grade I: Well
differentiated
Tobacco use, diet (increased fat, low fiber), Sexual
reproductive (# of sex partners), Alcohol (liver cancer),
Answers (100% Correct Answers) Already
Graded A+
what does Neoplasm mean? [ Ans: ] "new growth" tumor
cancer cells exhibit "autonomy" [ Ans: ] independence
from normal cellular controls
Cancer cells exhibit independence from normal cellular
control, what is the term for this? [ Ans: ] Autonomy
Cancer cells exhibit "anaplasia", what does this mean? [
Ans: ] loss of differentiation or specialization
What are NOT called "cancer" - and named by the tissue of
orgin + "oma"... [ Ans: ] Benign tumor
ex benign tumor of fat cells = LIPOMA
Which cells are undifferentiated or poorly differentiated? [
Ans: ] Malignant cells
What is the name for the normal process of developing
specialized functions and organization? [ Ans: ] Cell
differentiation
Which type of genetic CA event occurs in germ cells and is
passed on through the allele? [ Ans: ] Inherited
,What are the primary basis for carcinogenesis? [ Ans: ]
Genetic events
What type of genetic event occurs in somatic cells (as cells
divide over a person's lifetime) and usually requires a
number of mutations over time? [ Ans: ] Non-inherited
What is the biggest risk factor for CA and why? [ Ans: ]
Age, multiple mutations are required to develop CA, so as
we age we get more CA
Which is a mutant gene that promotes cancer cell growth?
[ Ans: ] Onocogene
Which gene normally regulates (slows down) cell
proliferation (growth)? [ Ans: ] Tumor suppressor gene
Which gene promotes normal cellular growth, but once it s
mutated into an oncogene it then promotes CA cell
growth? [ Ans: ] Proto-oncogene
What is the most common way to create an oncogene and
is described as small DNA changes usually alteration of
one or a few base pairs - remember adenine-thymine and
cytosine-guanine? [ Ans: ] Point mutations
What type of mutation occurs when there is a break in 2
chromosome and genetic material is exchanged...(2 things
happen)
1. the translocation of the genetic material causes excess
production of factors that lead to cell proliferation
, 2. the translocation leads to production of new proteins
that have growth promoting properties [ Ans: ]
Chromosome Translocation
What type of mutation occurs when repeated duplication
of a small piece of a chromosome happens, and this
usually leads to increased expression of an oncogene? [
Ans: ] Chromosome amplification
Viral and bacterial causes of cancer [ Ans: ] cause-effect is
difficult to determine in humans
many associations have been established
viral: HBV -Hep B, HCV-Hep C, Herpes - lymphomes, HPV
gential warts and cervical cancer, Bacteria - H. pylori
Cigarette smoke, insecticides, asbestos are examples of? [
Ans: ] Environmental Chemical cancer agents
ultraviolet light, radiation are examples of [ Ans: ]
Environmental Physical cancer agents
HBV, HCV, Herpes, HPV are examples of? [ Ans: ]
Environmental Viral cancer agents
Which tumor closely resembles tissue of origin and thus
retains some specialized functions? [ Ans: ] Grade I: Well
differentiated
Tobacco use, diet (increased fat, low fiber), Sexual
reproductive (# of sex partners), Alcohol (liver cancer),
