BIOD 102 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 2026
Replication of DNA begins at a single origin of replication and then proceeds the entire
length of the strand, in one direction (T/F) - ANSWERSFalse
What enzyme is responsible for relieving the stress associated with the twisting and
untwisting of a DNA strand during replication. - ANSWERSTopoisomerase
As a replicated DNA strand elongates, what enzyme is responsible for adding
nucleotides? - ANSWERSDNA polymerase
The energy required to add a nucleotide to a growing chain is supplied by an exergonic
reaction involving the hydrolysis of the nucleotide's pyrophosphate tail (T/F) -
ANSWERSTrue
During elongation, in which direction are new nucleotides being added to the leading
strand? - ANSWERS5' —> 3'
The leading strand requires ____ # of RNA primers, and the lagging strand requires
____ # of RNA primers. - ANSWERSOne; more than one
What replaces RNA nucleotides with DNA nucleotides in a newly synthesized strand? -
ANSWERSDNA Polymerase
A class of DNA polymerase patrols newly added nucleotides and will remove
nucleotides that are erroneous. How does the polymerase "know" a nucleotide is
misplaced. - ANSWERSNewly adde nucleotides are compared to the complimentary
template strand.
Mismatch repair is the process of identifying nucleotides that are inappropriately
matched, such as guanine with a thymine, and removes the incorrect nucleotide from
the newly synthesized strand (t/f) - ANSWERSTrue
Nucleotide excision repair (cutting DNA) is accomplished by what enzyme? -
ANSWERSNucleases
Telomeres contain a large proportion of vital coding DNA (T/F) - ANSWERSFalse
What cells of the body are shielded from telomere shortening? - ANSWERSGerm cells
Telomerase activity in somatic cells has implications for: - ANSWERSCancer
, Gene - ANSWERSUnit of hereditary composed of DNA; passed from parent to offspring
Genotype - ANSWERSSequence of genetic information
Phenotype - ANSWERSObservable characteristics resulting from genotype.
Transcription - ANSWERSthe process of synthesizing mRNA from a DNA template
Transcription - ANSWERSProcess of interpreting mRNA to sequence of amino
acids/proteins
____ # of bases encode for ___ # of different amino acids - ANSWERS4; 20
_____ is read in a triple codon reading frame - ANSWERSmRNA
Amino acids are added to the: - ANSWERSC-terminus end
After a stop codon is encountered, the hydrolysis of what molecule aids in releasing the
new polypeptide chain? - ANSWERSWater
post-translational modifications are necessary to ensure ___ - ANSWERSUnique
folding/appropriate structure shape
DNA replication - ANSWERSParent DNA molecule is changed from its double-helix
formation into two separate strands that serve as templates to synthesize two new
complementary strands of DNA.
Origin of replication (DNA replication) - ANSWERSShort nucleotide sequence that
encodes for a start signal to initiate the process of DNA replication. Multiple origins of
replication along the helix.
The TATA box is necessary for initiation of transcription and is located on the DNA
strand (t/f) - ANSWERSTrue
What enzyme is responsible for converting a DNA strand into RNA? - ANSWERSRNA
polymerase
Pre-mRNA may undergo what modifications? - ANSWERS5' cap, poly-A tail, splicing
What is the role of tRNA in the cell? - ANSWERSTransferee amino acids from cytosol to
the growing amino acid chain.
Which RNA molecules are responsible for transferring amino acids during translation? -
ANSWERStRNA
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 2026
Replication of DNA begins at a single origin of replication and then proceeds the entire
length of the strand, in one direction (T/F) - ANSWERSFalse
What enzyme is responsible for relieving the stress associated with the twisting and
untwisting of a DNA strand during replication. - ANSWERSTopoisomerase
As a replicated DNA strand elongates, what enzyme is responsible for adding
nucleotides? - ANSWERSDNA polymerase
The energy required to add a nucleotide to a growing chain is supplied by an exergonic
reaction involving the hydrolysis of the nucleotide's pyrophosphate tail (T/F) -
ANSWERSTrue
During elongation, in which direction are new nucleotides being added to the leading
strand? - ANSWERS5' —> 3'
The leading strand requires ____ # of RNA primers, and the lagging strand requires
____ # of RNA primers. - ANSWERSOne; more than one
What replaces RNA nucleotides with DNA nucleotides in a newly synthesized strand? -
ANSWERSDNA Polymerase
A class of DNA polymerase patrols newly added nucleotides and will remove
nucleotides that are erroneous. How does the polymerase "know" a nucleotide is
misplaced. - ANSWERSNewly adde nucleotides are compared to the complimentary
template strand.
Mismatch repair is the process of identifying nucleotides that are inappropriately
matched, such as guanine with a thymine, and removes the incorrect nucleotide from
the newly synthesized strand (t/f) - ANSWERSTrue
Nucleotide excision repair (cutting DNA) is accomplished by what enzyme? -
ANSWERSNucleases
Telomeres contain a large proportion of vital coding DNA (T/F) - ANSWERSFalse
What cells of the body are shielded from telomere shortening? - ANSWERSGerm cells
Telomerase activity in somatic cells has implications for: - ANSWERSCancer
, Gene - ANSWERSUnit of hereditary composed of DNA; passed from parent to offspring
Genotype - ANSWERSSequence of genetic information
Phenotype - ANSWERSObservable characteristics resulting from genotype.
Transcription - ANSWERSthe process of synthesizing mRNA from a DNA template
Transcription - ANSWERSProcess of interpreting mRNA to sequence of amino
acids/proteins
____ # of bases encode for ___ # of different amino acids - ANSWERS4; 20
_____ is read in a triple codon reading frame - ANSWERSmRNA
Amino acids are added to the: - ANSWERSC-terminus end
After a stop codon is encountered, the hydrolysis of what molecule aids in releasing the
new polypeptide chain? - ANSWERSWater
post-translational modifications are necessary to ensure ___ - ANSWERSUnique
folding/appropriate structure shape
DNA replication - ANSWERSParent DNA molecule is changed from its double-helix
formation into two separate strands that serve as templates to synthesize two new
complementary strands of DNA.
Origin of replication (DNA replication) - ANSWERSShort nucleotide sequence that
encodes for a start signal to initiate the process of DNA replication. Multiple origins of
replication along the helix.
The TATA box is necessary for initiation of transcription and is located on the DNA
strand (t/f) - ANSWERSTrue
What enzyme is responsible for converting a DNA strand into RNA? - ANSWERSRNA
polymerase
Pre-mRNA may undergo what modifications? - ANSWERS5' cap, poly-A tail, splicing
What is the role of tRNA in the cell? - ANSWERSTransferee amino acids from cytosol to
the growing amino acid chain.
Which RNA molecules are responsible for transferring amino acids during translation? -
ANSWERStRNA
