MEDICAL- SURGICAL NURSING
EXAMINATION CORRECT ANSWERS
AND RATIONALES 2026 /2027 LATEST
UPDATE.
1.When do you think the NGT tube be removed? [1]
A. When patient requests for it
B. Abdomen is soft and patient asks for water
C. Abdomen is soft and flatus has been expelled
D. B and C only
* When flatus is expelled, it means that peristalsis has returned and theres is no
need for continuing the NGT.
2. What do you call a STROKE that manifests a bizarre behavior? [4]
A. Inorganic Stroke
B. Inorganic Psychoses
C. Organic Stroke
D. Organic Psychoses
* Organic psychoses is a broad and collective term used for psychoses and
schizophrenia that has an organic cause. [ Due to Creutzfeldt jakob disease,
huntington, hydrocephalus, increase ICP, dementia, stroke etc. ] Manifesting signs
and symptoms like hallucination, delustions, illusion, ideas of reference etc. that is
similar to schizophrenia and psychoses in absence of organic causes.
3. The main difference between chronic and organic brain syndrome is that the
former [2]
A. Occurs suddenly and reversible
B. Is progressive and reversible
C. tends to be progressive and irreversible
D. Occurs suddenly and irreversible
* Chronic brain syndrome tends to be progressive and irreversible. Organic brain
syndrome is acute and irreversible or reversible depending on the causative factor.
4. Which behavior results from organic psychoses? [4]
A. Memory deficit
B. Disorientation
,C. Impaired Judgement
D. Inappropriate affect
* B, C and D are all behaviors that results from organic psychoses. The questions
seems to ask EXCEPTION which is A. MEMORY DEFICIT. Organic psychoses is
the same as the usual psychoses except that the causative factor of organic psychoses
is evidently caused by a disease process of the brain or affecting the brain. Example
are patients who suffer stroke suddenly experience hallucinations and delusions.
Organic psychoses is simply a psychoses that has an IDENTIFIED CAUSE.
Knowing this will lead you to understand that psychoses is manifested by B,C, and
D but NOT MEMORY DEFICIT.
5. Martha, The old woman was now Immobilized and brought to the emergency
room. The X-ray shows a fractured femur and pelvis. The ER Nurse would carefully
monitor Martha for which of the following sign and symptoms? [3]
A. Tachycardia and Hypotension
B. Fever and Bradycardia
C. Bradycardia and Hypertension
D. Fever and Hypertension
* hemorrhage results in severing of the vascular supply of the bone of the femur and
the pelvis due to the fracture leading to bleeding causing the s/s of tachycardia and
hypotension.
SITUATION: Mr. D. Rojas, An obese 35 year old MS Professor of OLFU Lagro is
admitted due to pain in his weight bearing joint. The diagnosis was Osteoarthritis.
6. As a nurse, you instructed Mr. Rojas how to use a cane. Mr. Rojas has a weakness
on his right leg due to self immobilization and guarding. You plan to teach Mr.
Rojas to hold the cane [4]
A. On his left hand, because his right side is weak.
B. On his left hand, because of reciprocal motion.
C. On his right hand, to support the right leg.
D. On his right hand, because only his right leg is weak.
* Reciprocal motion is a very important aspect of rehabilitation. Mr. Rojas has a
weakness on his right leg. If a human moves his right leg, the left arm will
accompany the movement of the right leg. That is what you call RECIPROCAL
MOTION which is innate, natural and required to maintain balance. Mr. Rojas has
weakness in his RIGHT LEG. If we put the cane on his right arm, The client will
then be left UNSUPPORTED when he use his stronger leg [LEFT LEG] and stand
, with his weaker leg [RIGHT LEG] due to the fact that the opposite arm must
accompany the movement of the opposite leg [RIGHT ARM]. In a more easier term,
Always put the cane on the opposite of the weaker side. A is not correct because the
client is NOT hemiplegic and will never be correct to reason out why the cane must
always be at the opposite of the weaker side, it will always be due to reciprocal
motion.
7. You also told Mr. Rojas to hold the cane [4]
A. 1 Inches in front of the foot.
B. 3 Inches at the lateral side of the foot.
c. 6 Inches at the lateral side of the foot.
D. 12 Inches at the lateral side of the foot.
* Remove option A, the client will kick off the cane if it was in the front of the foot.
Remove option D because that is too far and will cause the cane to poorly support
the client because the side, not the tip, is touching the ground. At 3 inches, imagine
how short it is and will cause a very poor supporting base. The correct answer is
anywhere from 6 to 10 inches for both crutches and cane.
8. Mr. Rojas was discharged and 6 months later, he came back to the emergency
room of the hospital because he suffered a mild stroke. The right side of the brain
was affected. At the rehabilitative phase of your nursing care, you observe Mr.
Rojas use a cane and you intervene if you see him [4]
A. Moves the cane when the right leg is moved.
B. Leans on the cane when the right leg swings through.
C. keeps the cane 6 Inches out to the side of the right foot.
D. Holds the cane on the right side.
* If the right side of the brain is affected, weakness will always be
CONTRALATERAL and therefore, Mr. Rojas will have weakness on his left side.
Earlier I told you that cane is held on the opposite side of the weaker side, which in
this situation, will be on the RIGHT. Imagine if the client moves his RIGHT LEG
together witht the RIGHT CANE, it already violated the LAW OF RECIPROCAL
MOTION. Moving the right leg will require Mr. Rojas to move his left arm and not
the cane, which is on his right.
SITUATION: Alfred, a 40 year old construction worker developed cough, night
sweats and fever. He was brought to the nursing unit for diagnostic studies. He told
the nurse he did not receive a BCG vaccine during childhood
9. The nurse performs a Mantoux Test. The nurse knows that Mantoux Test is also
known as [1]
A. PPD
B. PDP
C. PDD
EXAMINATION CORRECT ANSWERS
AND RATIONALES 2026 /2027 LATEST
UPDATE.
1.When do you think the NGT tube be removed? [1]
A. When patient requests for it
B. Abdomen is soft and patient asks for water
C. Abdomen is soft and flatus has been expelled
D. B and C only
* When flatus is expelled, it means that peristalsis has returned and theres is no
need for continuing the NGT.
2. What do you call a STROKE that manifests a bizarre behavior? [4]
A. Inorganic Stroke
B. Inorganic Psychoses
C. Organic Stroke
D. Organic Psychoses
* Organic psychoses is a broad and collective term used for psychoses and
schizophrenia that has an organic cause. [ Due to Creutzfeldt jakob disease,
huntington, hydrocephalus, increase ICP, dementia, stroke etc. ] Manifesting signs
and symptoms like hallucination, delustions, illusion, ideas of reference etc. that is
similar to schizophrenia and psychoses in absence of organic causes.
3. The main difference between chronic and organic brain syndrome is that the
former [2]
A. Occurs suddenly and reversible
B. Is progressive and reversible
C. tends to be progressive and irreversible
D. Occurs suddenly and irreversible
* Chronic brain syndrome tends to be progressive and irreversible. Organic brain
syndrome is acute and irreversible or reversible depending on the causative factor.
4. Which behavior results from organic psychoses? [4]
A. Memory deficit
B. Disorientation
,C. Impaired Judgement
D. Inappropriate affect
* B, C and D are all behaviors that results from organic psychoses. The questions
seems to ask EXCEPTION which is A. MEMORY DEFICIT. Organic psychoses is
the same as the usual psychoses except that the causative factor of organic psychoses
is evidently caused by a disease process of the brain or affecting the brain. Example
are patients who suffer stroke suddenly experience hallucinations and delusions.
Organic psychoses is simply a psychoses that has an IDENTIFIED CAUSE.
Knowing this will lead you to understand that psychoses is manifested by B,C, and
D but NOT MEMORY DEFICIT.
5. Martha, The old woman was now Immobilized and brought to the emergency
room. The X-ray shows a fractured femur and pelvis. The ER Nurse would carefully
monitor Martha for which of the following sign and symptoms? [3]
A. Tachycardia and Hypotension
B. Fever and Bradycardia
C. Bradycardia and Hypertension
D. Fever and Hypertension
* hemorrhage results in severing of the vascular supply of the bone of the femur and
the pelvis due to the fracture leading to bleeding causing the s/s of tachycardia and
hypotension.
SITUATION: Mr. D. Rojas, An obese 35 year old MS Professor of OLFU Lagro is
admitted due to pain in his weight bearing joint. The diagnosis was Osteoarthritis.
6. As a nurse, you instructed Mr. Rojas how to use a cane. Mr. Rojas has a weakness
on his right leg due to self immobilization and guarding. You plan to teach Mr.
Rojas to hold the cane [4]
A. On his left hand, because his right side is weak.
B. On his left hand, because of reciprocal motion.
C. On his right hand, to support the right leg.
D. On his right hand, because only his right leg is weak.
* Reciprocal motion is a very important aspect of rehabilitation. Mr. Rojas has a
weakness on his right leg. If a human moves his right leg, the left arm will
accompany the movement of the right leg. That is what you call RECIPROCAL
MOTION which is innate, natural and required to maintain balance. Mr. Rojas has
weakness in his RIGHT LEG. If we put the cane on his right arm, The client will
then be left UNSUPPORTED when he use his stronger leg [LEFT LEG] and stand
, with his weaker leg [RIGHT LEG] due to the fact that the opposite arm must
accompany the movement of the opposite leg [RIGHT ARM]. In a more easier term,
Always put the cane on the opposite of the weaker side. A is not correct because the
client is NOT hemiplegic and will never be correct to reason out why the cane must
always be at the opposite of the weaker side, it will always be due to reciprocal
motion.
7. You also told Mr. Rojas to hold the cane [4]
A. 1 Inches in front of the foot.
B. 3 Inches at the lateral side of the foot.
c. 6 Inches at the lateral side of the foot.
D. 12 Inches at the lateral side of the foot.
* Remove option A, the client will kick off the cane if it was in the front of the foot.
Remove option D because that is too far and will cause the cane to poorly support
the client because the side, not the tip, is touching the ground. At 3 inches, imagine
how short it is and will cause a very poor supporting base. The correct answer is
anywhere from 6 to 10 inches for both crutches and cane.
8. Mr. Rojas was discharged and 6 months later, he came back to the emergency
room of the hospital because he suffered a mild stroke. The right side of the brain
was affected. At the rehabilitative phase of your nursing care, you observe Mr.
Rojas use a cane and you intervene if you see him [4]
A. Moves the cane when the right leg is moved.
B. Leans on the cane when the right leg swings through.
C. keeps the cane 6 Inches out to the side of the right foot.
D. Holds the cane on the right side.
* If the right side of the brain is affected, weakness will always be
CONTRALATERAL and therefore, Mr. Rojas will have weakness on his left side.
Earlier I told you that cane is held on the opposite side of the weaker side, which in
this situation, will be on the RIGHT. Imagine if the client moves his RIGHT LEG
together witht the RIGHT CANE, it already violated the LAW OF RECIPROCAL
MOTION. Moving the right leg will require Mr. Rojas to move his left arm and not
the cane, which is on his right.
SITUATION: Alfred, a 40 year old construction worker developed cough, night
sweats and fever. He was brought to the nursing unit for diagnostic studies. He told
the nurse he did not receive a BCG vaccine during childhood
9. The nurse performs a Mantoux Test. The nurse knows that Mantoux Test is also
known as [1]
A. PPD
B. PDP
C. PDD
